Depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is under-detected and undertreated, impacting quality of life. This study explored perspectives, practices, barriers, and facilitators to improve mental health care for people with MS. In the current study, participants, including 176 people with MS (M age = 48.4, 86.9% female) and 51 healthcare professionals (neurologists, MS nurses, allied health) from Australia, completed a 15-20-minute online survey on depression detection and management. Nearly half of participants with MS reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, yet many had not been informed about depression in MS or assessed by their MS healthcare team. Clinicians acknowledged depression is common in MS and reported providing education routinely (51.0%) or sometimes (39.2%). While clinicians acknowledged a need for routine screening through MS healthcare services, this was rare (9.1%) and often deferred to general practitioners. Participants with MS and clinicians identified barriers, such as service access, limited time, role definition, stigma and need for brief clinician training and resources. This study highlights significant gaps in depression identification and management among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) emphasizing the need for integrated mental health support within MS healthcare services, including systematic assessment, monitoring and treatment procedures.Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12622000543785.

Maternal perinatal stress is a well-documented risk factor for adverse child outcomes, but limited evidence is available from Latin America. This study investigated associations between maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy and postpartum and infant socioaffective development at 3 months of age in Argentina. The sample included 198 mother-infant dyads recruited from two public health centers. Mothers completed standardized assessments of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and pregnancy-specific distress during the second and third trimesters and 3 months postpartum. Infant socioemotional development and temperament were assessed at 3 months using parent-report instruments. Latent profile analysis identified three socioaffective profiles (Reactive, Moderate, Adapted). Multinomial logistic regressions showed that maternal stress-particularly during the second trimester-predicted profile membership. Higher prenatal and cumulative stress levels increased the odds of classification into the Reactive profile and decreased the likelihood of classification into the Adapted profile. These findings underscore the developmental impact of maternal stress and highlight the importance of early detection and intervention in prenatal care, especially in low- and middle-income contexts.

Maternal mental health disorders are fairly common during the perinatal period, predominantly mood- and trauma-related disorders, first episodes or relapses. Untreated, these mental health conditions can have a significant impact on the health of the mother, her child, and family functioning. These disorders remain underdiagnosed during the postpartum period. Obstetric care providers must understand the stakes involved and recognize the need to assess mothers' emotional well-being in the postpartum period-an essential opportunity for early detection and intervention for maternal mental health impairments. Identifying women at risk is a major challenge. Cesarean delivery has been associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Given the continuously rising cesarean delivery rates, improved understanding of its maternal health outcomes seems essential. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and postpartum depression are among the mental disorders finally receiving deserved attention in recent years. These 2 conditions frequently overlap, share common risk factors, and may have linked pathophysiological mechanisms. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder can result directly from experiencing a traumatic birth. A few studies report posttraumatic stress disorder incidence rates ranging from 4% to 20% in the first year after a cesarean delivery. Certain obstetric interventions, components of cesarean management, and adverse events may influence the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder, including induction of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, absence of immediate skin-to-skin contact with the newborn, and postoperative pain. Postpartum depression is characterized by the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms, or a major depressive episode within the first 12 months after delivery. As a major cause of postpartum maternal morbidity and mortality, its early diagnosis and effective management are critical. With its reported prevalence after cesarean deliveries ranging from 20% to 40% in the first year postpartum, this mode of delivery is a situation at high risk for postpartum depression. Apart from psychosocial risk factors, some cesarean-related risk factors are also associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression symptoms; among them are emergency cesareans before labor or during labor after induction, lack of social support, severe postoperative pain, and possibly postpartum anemia. Two general types of screening strategies for posttraumatic stress disorder and postpartum depression are possible: universal for every woman after childbirth, or including only women at risk due to either cumulative risk factors (such as preexisting mental disorders or trauma history) or their perception of the birth as traumatic. Self-administered questionnaires could be a first step toward identifying at-risk patients with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder or postpartum depression, who can then be referred for a more complete psychological assessment by a specialist. This strategy seems appropriate for identifying, soon after delivery, the women at high risk who could benefit from early preventive intervention and follow-up.

Assess associations between destinations near stroke survivor's residence - places like restaurants, recreation centers, and stores that offer opportunities for physical activity and socialization outside of the home and work - and their poststroke outcomes.

We included non-Hispanic white and Mexican American incident stroke survivors enrolled in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (2009-19), a population-based cohort in Texas.

count of destinations within 0.5-miles around survivors' residences. Outcomes assessed at approximately 3-, 6-, and 12-months poststroke: cognition (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination), functioning (activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental ADL), health-related quality of life (abbreviated Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8). We fit adjusted linear mixed models and considered interactions with follow-up time and stroke severity (NIH stroke scale - mild (<5), moderate-severe (≥5)).

We included 1,786 survivors who completed 3 (N=1,321), 6 (N=677), or 12-month interviews (N=652). Median age was 64 years, 55% male, and 74% mild stroke. Stroke severity modified associations with functioning (p=0.09) and quality of life (p=0.05), follow-up time did not (p>0.25). Among moderate-severe stroke survivors, more destinations were associated with more favorable functioning (mean difference=-0.12, 95% CI=-0.22, -0.01) and quality of life (mean difference=0.16, 95% CI=0.03, 0.30). No associations were observed among mild stroke survivors or with cognition or depression (p>0.05).

Among moderate-severe stroke survivors, more nearby destinations were associated with more favorable functioning and quality of life in the first year. Future research is needed to explore if specific types of destinations may support more favorable outcomes.

Perinatal depression is common yet undertreated. The Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (MCPAP) for Moms is a state-wide program to improve access to perinatal depression care by providing training, consultation, and referrals to healthcare professionals serving perinatal women. The PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM) includes MCPAP for Moms plus practice-level implementation support. This cluster randomized controlled trial compared MCPAP for Moms vs. PRISM in implementation of the perinatal depression care pathway, inclusive of screening, assessment, treatment, follow-up and monitoring, and transition of care.

Ten obstetric practices were randomized to MCPAP for Moms or PRISM. We abstracted medical record data for perinatal individuals enrolled in the study with elevated depression symptoms (n = 294). Generalized linear mixed-effects models, accounting for clustering of practices, compared post-intervention implementation of the depression care pathway. We also examined changes in implementation via practice leadership surveys.

Patients in PRISM practices were more likely to be screened for bipolar disorder (OR = 385.0, p = .001), have treatment engagement documented (OR = 2.8, p = .011), receive follow-up monitoring (OR = 4.0, p = .003), and receive a transition of care plan (OR = 2.7, p = .016). Patients in PRISM practices were more likely to be identified as having perinatal depression (OR = 2.3, p = .001). Practice leadership reported greater increase in capacity to address perinatal depression in PRISM practices (3.7 points, p = .005).

PRISM was associated with greater depression care pathway implementation and improved identification of patients with perinatal depression. In order to help implement new initiatives (i.e. bipolar disorder screening) aligned with the depression care pathway, practice-level assistance may be needed.

Children with psychiatric disorders in China represent a significant and growing public health concern. Parents of these children experience substantial psychological distress, including elevated stress, anxiety, and depression, which impairs their well-being and compromises child treatment outcomes. Despite the bidirectional relationship between parental and child mental health, current services in China remain predominantly child-focused, with limited systematic support for parents. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for developing parental mental health support services within China's child psychiatric care system. The framework integrates multi-tiered services, cross-sectoral collaboration, workforce development, technology-enabled delivery, and quality assurance mechanisms. Guided by principles of family-centered care and cultural adaptation, this framework addresses existing system-level barriers while leveraging opportunities such as the Healthy China 2030 initiative. Implementation of this framework has the potential to enhance family well-being, improve child mental health outcomes, and advance health equity across China.

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) commonly experience psychological issues, including anxiety disorders and depression, which may affect their adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to explore the mental health status of PLHIV and identify the factors associated with poor compliance (PC) with antiretroviral therapy.

A structured questionnaire survey was administered to PLHIV who were regularly followed up at a university hospital from September 19 to 20, 2020. The survey encompassed assessments of depression (by using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (by using the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Primary Care), suicidality, and meaning in life (by using the Meaning in Life Questionnaire). For participants who provided consent for identification, demographic information was merged to facilitate the analysis. PC was determined based on whether individuals made themselves available for routine clinical visits.

Among 327 eligible PLHIV, 150 individuals (45.9%) completed the survey. Forty-one out of the 150 individuals (27.3%) screened positive for depression, while 52 (34.7%) screened positive for anxiety disorders. Thirty-two participants (21.3%) presented with symptoms indicative of both depression and anxiety. The most prevalent depressive symptom was trouble sleeping, accounting for 29.3% of respondents, followed by fatigue (26.0%). Over nervousness was the most commonly reported anxiety symptom (22.7%). Furthermore, 32 individuals (21.3%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation or engaging in self-injury. Among the 123 participants who agreed to identify themselves, suicide attempts and low CD4 counts were positively correlated with PC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-8.91 and OR, 5.46; 95% CI, 1.27-24.78, respectively), and younger age was found to be associated with PC (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97; P=0.004). When measures of anxiety disorder and depression were incorporated into the analysis, depression exhibited an OR of 14 for PC (aOR, 13.98; 95% CI, 3.29-98.65; P=0.001). Anxiety disorders were found to be inversely associated with PC. History of opportunistic infection and Meaning in Life Questionnaire scores were not significantly associated with PC.

The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders was high in PLHIV. Depression and low CD4 counts under regular follow-up were associated with PC. Thus, screening for depression can be effective in reducing non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

The guidelines presented herewith are based on the "Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)" published in Infection & Chemotherapy in March 2024; these guidelines have been refined by incorporating the most recent Korean and international research findings and clinical evidence published since then. In the context of patients experiencing various physical and mental symptoms that persist long after the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the diagnosis and management of PASC has emerged as a novel public health challenge. These guidelines are intended to provide standardized diagnostic and management recommendations applicable to the Korean healthcare setting and were developed through a comprehensive review of existing guidelines from organizations such as the World Health Organization, the United States National Institutes of Health, the United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, along with the latest meta-analyses and Korean cohort studies. PASC is defined as the persistent presence of symptoms and signs lasting more than 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis for which the symptoms cannot be explained by alternative diagnoses. The revised guidelines emphasize the importance of integrated management for patients with PASC, including a multidisciplinary approach considering risk groups, symptom-specific assessment, and rehabilitation and psychological interventions, based on a total of 32 key questions. This revision reflects rapidly evolving research trends regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 and is expected to serve as an evidence-based standard guideline for future patient care, clinical research, and health policy development in Korea.