A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a patient with adrenal hemangioblastoma (HB), pathologically confirmed at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. A review of the literature relating to adrenal HB was also undertaken. The patient was a 36-year-old male in whom a right adrenal mass was incidentally detected during a physical examination. The mass measured approximately 4.7 cm×4.2 cm and had a CT attenuation value of approximately 55 HU. MRI showed an irregular mass with a slightly long T1, mixed long/short T2 signals, mildly high signal intensity on diffusion weighted imaging, and a slightly low signal on apparent diffusion coefficient. No signal drop was observed on opposed-phase imaging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning revealed progressive, marked enhancement. ⁶⁸Ga DOTATATE PET-CT demonstrated a slightly hypodense mass in the right adrenal gland (maximum standardized uptake value 17.3). Functional evaluation showed an elevated chromogranin A (CgA) level of 294.64 pmol/L (normal range: 64-204 pmol/L), with no other abnormalities detected. The preoperative diagnosis was pheochromocytoma, and the patient underwent surgery after adequate preoperative preparation with phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. Immunohistochemical results-S-100 (focal weak+), melan-A (-), inhibin-α (partial+), FLI-1 (+), CK (-), Syn (partial+), CgA (-), Ki67 (2%+), CD34 (+), CD31 (+), and desmin (-)-confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal HB. Genetic testing detected no VHL gene mutation. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during more than two years of follow-up. A review of the literature revealed that this was the first reported case of adrenal HB in China. Globally, only six cases have been reported to date, four of which were clearly related to von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Adrenal HB is exceptionally rare and lacks characteristic clinical manifestations. Significant enhancement of the solid component with flow-void vessels on MRI is considered a relatively distinctive imaging feature. Definitive diagnosis relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment, and the prognosis is generally favorable.

Global analyses of hematologic malignancies often lack subtype integration and advanced forecasting, limiting public health planning.

Using GBD 2021 data (1990-2021), we analyzed age-standardized incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Spatiotemporal models quantified age-, sex-, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI)-stratified disparities. The Prophet model forecasted trends to 2031.

In 2021, global ASIRs were 5.63, 7.93, and 1.74 per 100,000 for leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, respectively. ASIR correlated positively with SDI for all subtypes (e.g., multiple myeloma: ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001). Mortality patterns were heterogeneous; Hodgkin lymphoma ASDR correlated negatively with SDI (ρ = -0.26, p < 0.001). Projections suggest stable or declining ASDRs by 2031 (e.g., leukemia: 3.86 to 3.40) but persistent male predominance. DALYs remain high in low-SDI regions.

The disparity between high incidence in high-SDI areas and higher mortality fractions in low-SDI areas underscores diagnostic and therapeutic inequities. DALYs reflect associated long-term functional and psychosocial burden.

This study reveals profound global inequalities in hematologic malignancies. Mitigating this burden requires strengthening early diagnosis and treatment in low-SDI regions while integrating psychosocial support into global survivorship care.

While prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can reduce mortality, there is potential for over-detection of indolent prostate cancer that would never become clinically important. Thus, research is needed to understand individual genetic risk profiles among unaffected men to help guide personalized PSA screening. This pilot study explored recruitment outcomes, genetic risk perceptions, and willingness to provide a biospecimen (saliva sample) for prostate cancer genetic risk testing among unaffected men. Recruitment approaches included: (1) active (in-person) recruitment that entailed face-to-face communications with men at different community settings, such as health fairs, senior centers, and barbershops and (2) passive (contactless) recruitment-flyers posted at various community locations, such as libraries and laundromats, and online including Facebook pages and other social media. Consenting participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a saliva sample. A total of 154 individuals were reached and 100 consented (62 of whom were Black). In-person recruitment was associated with higher enrollment. Participants reported high genetic susceptibility beliefs in terms of perceived lifetime risk and comparative risk. Black males reported greater perceived risk compared with white men, but saliva sample return was comparable (89% and 90%, respectively). Overall, the saliva sample return rate was 85%, with an in-person return rate of 95%, and a mail return rate of 69%. This pilot study demonstrated high feasibility of enrollment, high perceived genetic risk and willingness to submit a saliva sample for prostate cancer genetic risk testing. Multimodal approaches are beneficial to reach racially diverse participants in various community settings.

To investigate the factors influencing the volume reduction rate (VRR) at 12 months after ultrasound (US)-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for breast fibroadenoma (FA).

A retrospective analysis of 104 patients with 302 FAs who underwent US-guided HIFU from January 2021 to May 2023 was conducted. All patients received US assessment and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) evaluation, and treatment information was recorded. VRR ≥ 80% was set as the dependent variable, while nineteen baseline- and treatment-related factors were considered as the independent variables. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict 12-month VRR.

All patients successfully underwent one-session HIFU. Significant differences were observed in volume, distance from the superficial margin of FA to skin, distance from the deep margin of FA to chest wall, mean power, energy efficacy factor, type of near-field acoustic pathway, and appearance of hyperechoic changes. Multivariate analysis revealed that type of near-field acoustic pathway, distance from the deep margin of FA to chest wall, and appearance of hyperechoic changes were independent predictors of the 12-month VRR after HIFU. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.688.

The type of near-field acoustic pathway, distance from the deep margin of FA to chest wall, and appearance of hyperechoic changes could serve as predictors of 12-month VRR following HIFU treatment for FA.

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) represents a critical precancerous stage in gastric carcinogenesis, and its pathogenesis involves circadian rhythm disruption, chronic inflammation, and lipid metabolism reprogramming. Employing an integrative Chinese-western medical approach, this study systematically elucidated the molecular mechanisms whereby the core circadian clock gene BMAL1 promotes &quot;inflammation to cancer&quot; transformation through modulating the HIF-1α-FABP axis, driving lipid metabolism reprogramming, exacerbating oxidative stress, and disrupting immune homeostasis. The study revealed that compound traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formulas(including Huangqi Jianzhong Tang, Xianglian Huazhuo Fang, and Lizhong Tang) intervened in the BMAL1-mediated &quot;circadian-metabolic-immune&quot; network, significantly ameliorated pathological damage to the gastric mucosa, suppressed inflammatory responses, alleviated lipid metabolism disorder, and reversed the &quot;inflammation to cancer&quot; transformation through multi-target effects. The TCM concept of &quot;Taiyin disease resolution period&quot;(21:00-03:00) gave insights into the link between spleen and stomach functions and circadian rhythms, with its therapeutic time window exhibiting remarkable synchronization with BMAL1 expression rhythms. Clinical studies further demonstrated that chronotherapy strategies based on chronopharmacological principles can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TCM. Based on these findings, the theory of &quot;Taiyin disease resolution period&quot; provides guidance for chronotherapeutic intervention in CAG management. Through innovative integration of modern chronobiology and traditional temporal medicine principles, the study illuminates the central role of the circadian clock gene in the CAG &quot;inflammation to cancer&quot; transformation and emphasizes the potential of the circadian clock and chronotherapy in reversing the &quot;inflammation to cancer&quot; transformation, offering both mechanistic insights and clinically actionable strategies for CAG treatment via chronobiology.

This study aims to investigate whether Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment can increase the sensitivity of Lewis lung cancer mice to cisplatin by reducing M2 macrophage polarization and decipher the possible mechanism. Ten SD rats were allocated into a Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment(1.2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group and a blank group(an equal volume of normal saline). After continuous gavage for 7 days, the drug-containing serum was prepared. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method was used to screen the optimal intervention concentration of 10% blank serum and 10% drug-containing serum. The cells were allocated into M0, M2(20 ng·mL~(-1) IL-4), M2+blank serum(20 ng·mL~(-1 )IL-4+blank serum), and M2+drug-containing serum(20 ng·mL~(-1) IL-4+drug-containing serum) groups and cultured for 48 h. The proportion of CD206~+ cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry. q-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of Janus kinase 3(JAK3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6), and arginase-1(Arg-1) in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to assess the secretion levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and interleukin-10(IL-10) in each group. The cells were then cultured in fresh culture medium for 48 h, and the supernatant after centrifugation was collected as the conditioned medium. Lewis cells were treated with different groups of conditioned media and different concentrations of cisplatin(0-160 μmol·L~(-1)) for 24 h and the cell viability was examined by the CCK-8 method. Fifty SP-grade male C57BL/6 mice were modeled for Lewis lung cancer and then grouped as follows: model, cisplatin [0.005 g·kg~(-1)·(2 d)~(-1)], and cisplatin+low-, medium-, and high-dose Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment [0.005 g·kg~(-1)·(2 d)~(-1) cisplatin+1.6, 3.3, 6.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment]. After continuous administration for 14 days, the mice were euthanized, and the tumor-bearing tissue was collected. The pathological changes of the tumor-bearing tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect CD206/CD68 ratio changes in the tumor-bearing tissue. Western blot was employed to measure the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT6 in the tumor-bearing tissue, as well as the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax). ELISA was employed to measure the VEGF and IL-10 levels in the tumor-bearing tissue. The results of cell experiments showed that compared with the M2 group, the M2+drug-containing serum group showed decreased CD206~+ cells, down-regulated mRNA levels of JAK3, STAT6, and Arg-1, declined VEGF and IL-10 secretion levels, and weakened cell viability. In the animal experiments, compared with the model group and cisplatin group, the combined group showed increased apoptosis and necrotic areas, decreased CD206/CD68 ratio, down-regulated JAK3 and STAT6 phosphorylation levels and Bcl-2 expression level, up-regulated Bax expression level, and lowered VEGF and IL-10 secretion levels. In conclusion, Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment may increase the sensitivity of Lewis lung cancer mice to cisplatin by inhibiting the JAK3/STAT6 pathway and reducing the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Gastrointestinal malignant tumors are a group of severely life-threatening tumors. Their incidence and mortality rates consistently rank among the top 10 cancers worldwide and are increasing year by year. Based on his long-term clinical practice, Professor Zhou Zhongying proposes the theory of &quot;cancer toxin&quot;. The research team led by Professor CHENG Hai-bo further establishes the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin, holding that cancer toxin is the key factor in the occurrence and development of tumors, and thus taking &quot;anti-cancer and detoxification&quot; as the basic therapeutic principle. With the vigorous promotion of TCM, various active ingredients of TCM are extracted and make a difference in tumor therapy. These active ingredients can inhibit tumor cells in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner. Cinobufotalin is an active ingredient extracted from the skin of Bufo gargarizans with detoxifying, anti-swelling, and pain-relieving effects and is widely used in the treatment of intermediate and advanced tumors. Clinical studies have revealed that cinobufotalin enhances tumor control rates, prolongs survival time, improves quality of life, and reduces the incidence of adverse reactions when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapies. The mechanism studies have demonstrated that cinobufotalin plays a therapeutic role by inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, modulating immune response, reversing drug resistance, etc. This paper reviews the research progress on cinobufotalin from the perspective of pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin through summarizing domestic and international reported research on clinical application and mechanism of cinobufotalin against gastrointestinal malignant tumors in recent years. The findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for research on the anti-tumor effect of cinobufotalin and a reference for standardized use and in-depth research of drugs.

Colorectal cancer(CRC), a prevalent malignancy of the digestive system, exhibits an escalating incidence and mortality rate in China. While contemporary western therapeutic approaches demonstrate efficacy in tumor suppression and symptom management, their clinical benefits are substantially limited by adverse effects, drug resistance, and high recurrence rates. Consequently, developing novel therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles has emerged as a critical research priority in oncology. TGF-β signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in modulating CRC cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and it is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, thereby representing a promising molecular target for CRC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) exhibits distinctive therapeutic advantages in CRC management through its multi-target, multi-pathway regulatory mechanisms. Notably, TCM has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis, mitigating treatment-related side effects, and improving patients' quality of life, establishing its integral role in comprehensive CRC therapy. Current evidence indicates that various TCM active constituents, including polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and isothiocyanates, as well as compound formulas such as Jianpi Tongluo Formula, Jianpi Xiao'ai Formula, modified Shenling Baizhu Decoction, Qingjie Fuzheng Granules, and Chanling Ointment, can effectively modulate the TGF-β signaling pathway and its interactive networks. These therapeutic agents exert anti-CRC effects through diverse mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, EMT inhibition, macrophage polarization, stemness attenuation, immune activation, chemoresistance reversal, and cell cycle arrest. This review systematically synthesizes contemporary research advances in TCM interventions for CRC, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism underpinning TGF-β pathway modulation. Our findings provide valuable insights for the development of innovative anti-CRC agents and the optimization of clinical therapeutic regimens.

Malignant tumors, as a major public health issue facing the world, have extremely complex pathogenesis. Molecular biology features represented by acidic microenvironment and lipid metabolism disorders are closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) holds that the diseases caused by phlegm toxicity are characterized by heaviness, turbidity, stickiness, and difficulty in resolving. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed that as a TCM for resolving phlegm and detoxifying to treat phlegm toxicity, it can not only exert anti-cancer effects by directly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation but also reshape the steady-state regulatory network of the tumor microenvironment, including downregulating the microenvironment of lactate accumulation mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and regulating fatty acid synthase(FASN)-related lipid metabolism reprogramming processes, thereby antagonizing tumor invasion and metastasis. The innovative TCM theory of cancer toxicity pathogenesis proposed by our team suggests that the pathogenic characteristics of phlegm toxicity are homologous to the pathological accumulation of abnormal metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. This study systematically reviews the relevant literature on the treatment of tumors with TCM for resolving phlegm and detoxifying, deeply analyzes the theoretical basis of TCM, summarizes the clinical experience of famous TCM practitioners, and explores the clinical efficacy of TCM for resolving phlegm and detoxifying against tumors. At the same time, this study objectively summarizes its active ingredients and anti-tumor mechanisms, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors with TCM.

Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) arises from the distal bile duct and is anatomically embedded within the pancreatic head, adjacent to abundant autonomic nerve plexuses. This unique location renders dCCA particularly prone to perineural invasion (PNI), a pathological hallmark that contributes to its dismal prognosis. However, the spatial architecture and molecular drivers that orchestrate PNI remain poorly defined. Here, we applied Xenium subcellular resolution spatial transcriptomics platform to profile resected tumor tissues from dCCA patients stratified by PNI status pathologically. A spatially resolved atlas comprising a total of 20 cell types was generated, uncovering enrichment of Schwann cells, type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2), M2-like macrophages, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and B/plasma cells in PNI-high tumors, along with depletion of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells. Heterogeneous malignant cells in PNI-high tumors demonstrated activation of extracellular matrix remodeling and axonogenesis pathways, in line with the initial pathological classification. Spatial mapping further revealed distinct PNI-associated niches, notably matrix-producing CAFs (mCAFs)-macrophage clusters exhibiting coordinated enrichment of inflammatory and fibrotic programs. We further identified the LAMB3-DAG1 axis as a potential mediator of dCCA cells-Schwann cell interaction, while the preferential proximity of arteries to Schwann cells suggested additional microenvironmental support for nerve invasion. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive subcellular atlas of PNI in dCCA, uncovering coordinated epithelial, stromal, and immune remodeling that drives perineural invasion. The identified biomarkers not only hold promise for patient stratification but may also guide intraoperative navigation and surgical margin determination, offering new avenues for precision therapy.