Pregnancy triggers profound physiological changes, yet postpartum recovery remains under-recognized despite its predictive significance for lifelong health. The fourth trimester offers a critical window to detect cardiometabolic, immunological, and mental-health vulnerabilities. We propose a precision postpartum medicine framework integrating human-relevant models, longitudinal multi-omics, and AI-enabled risk stratification to transform postpartum care.

Cannabis use, depression, and attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) have been previously linked, though typically examined using bivariate methods. This study tested cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among these constructs, assessing whether problematic cannabis use contributes to depression, and whether attachment insecurities exacerbate this effect. Data were collected from 1,745 Jewish Israeli adults at two timepoints (2024 = T1; 2025 = T2) of whom 412 reported lifetime cannabis use. Problematic cannabis use, depression, and attachments insecurities were assessed with the ASSIST, PHQ-9 and ECR ,respectively. Analyses in the full sample examined the full range of cannabis involvement, including no use, and in the lifetime-user subsample the impact of problematic use severity. Cross-sectional models at T1 and T2 tested whether depressive symptoms were predicted by problematic cannabis use and moderated by attachment anxiety and avoidance. A longitudinal model examined whether problematic cannabis use and attachment insecurities at T1 predicted changes in depression from T1 to T2. At both timepoints, attachment anxiety significantly moderated the cannabis-depression association (p = 0.013 at T1, p = 0.002 at T2), with a stronger link at higher anxiety levels. Similar patterns appeared in the lifetime-user subsample. Longitudinally, a significant three-way interaction (p = 0.014) indicated that increases in depression were greatest among individuals high in both anxiety and avoidance, while avoidance buffered this effect among users. Attachment insecurities are key vulnerability factors that intensify the depressive impact of problematic cannabis use. These findings underscore the importance of developing clinical interventions targeting both substance use and attachment-related vulnerabilities and emotional dysregulation.

A series of pyrazole derivatives was designed, synthesized, and characterized spectroscopically. All the synthesized compounds were pharmacologically evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods for their antidepressant activity. Amongst, VK16 and VK19 were the most potent inhibitors of the MAO-A enzyme with IC₅₀ values of 0.06 ± 0.017 μM and 0.09 ± 0.019 μM, respectively, showing comparable efficacy to that of the reference standards. Additionally, these compounds were tested for their reversibility potential and found to be reversible inhibitors of the MAO-A enzyme, as a 100-fold dilution with the substrate solution restored over 68 % enzymatic activity. The in vivo FST and TST results corroborated well with the findings from in vitro MAO inhibition. Further, antioxidant properties were assessed using in vitro assays and the compounds were computationally analyzed through molecular docking, MD simulation, and DFT studies (in silico). The molecular docking results revealed that the compounds showed stronger interactions with key amino acid residues and better docking scores than the studied standard drugs. All selected compounds demonstrated favorable ADME properties, including good blood-brain barrier penetration and gastrointestinal absorption. Molecular dynamics simulations and DFT studies also confirmed the stability of VK16 and VK19 within the MAO-A binding site. Overall, VK16 and VK19 are emerged as promising antidepressant candidates, warranting further investigation for clinical development.

Misophonia is a disorder characterized by strong negative affective, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to specific sounds (e.g., chewing, swallowing). Studies have begun to investigate co-occurring psychological and audiological disorders with misophonia, but are limited by methodology and generalizability. This study investigated the rate of comorbid disorders in a sample of individuals with and without misophonia using a nationally representative sample in the United States. Data were collected through Ipsos KnowledgePanel-a large, probability-based web panel that is representative of the United States. Participants were invited to complete a brief self-report survey of previous and current psychological and auditory-sensory symptoms and diagnoses. Over half (62.5%) of the misophonia sample reported they had received at least one psychological disorder diagnosis, wherein depression (48.9%) and anxiety disorders (46.7%) were the most commonly reported. Separate hierarchical multivariate binary logistic regression results demonstrate individuals with misophonia (n = 185) are more likely to report current mental health and auditory-sensory symptoms compared to individuals without misophonia (n = 1644) regardless of demographic factors. Further, hierarchical multivariate binary logistic results show individuals with misophonia are more likely to report lifetime diagnoses of all psychological, auditory-sensory, and communication disorders except hyperacusis, autism spectrum disorders, and certain behavior disorders compared to individuals without misophonia. Comorbidity rates were higher in the misophonia sample, and misophonia status was significantly associated with the presence of other clinical syndromes. Findings advance characterization of misophonia by highlighting the elevated co-occurrence rates of psychological and auditory-sensory disorders compared to individuals without misophonia.

The development of social cognition underpins significant implications for diagnosing and treating neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. This study investigates the dynamic neural organization of social cognition in children (n = 60, ages 3-10) and adults (n = 55) using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm that tracks continuous brain activity during real-world social interactions. We identify four distinct co-activation patterns (CAP) that reflect a functional hierarchy, ranging from basic sensory processing to complex social-cognitive integration. These brain state dynamics reveal significant developmental differences: children exhibit immature transitions, often bypassing intermediate states (e.g., salience-driven filtering, State 3) and prematurely shifting from early sensory encoding (State 1) to internally-directed integration (State 2). Moreover, during mentalizing and pain events, children show reduced modulation of sensory and perceptual brain states, indicating limited cognitive flexibility that is essential for social interaction. Structural equation modeling reveals a developmental cascade linking the maturation of sensory (State 1), perceptual filtering (State 3), and social-cognitive (State 2) processing states. This pathway is mediated by individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) development and further predicts empathic abilities. These findings advance our understanding of how brain state reorganization supports social cognitive maturation and offer new insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to promote mental health support for depressed and healthy populations. However, in current VR-based therapy, most users visualize on computer or smartphone screens, which lack depth cues (2D screen). The 2D screen may add cognitive load, reducing VR usability, especially in users suffering from mental health issues such as depression. These 2D screens might further reduce the therapy outcomes if they affect users' situation awareness (SA) and engagement. Many mental health professionals are not fully aware of the benefits or potential applications of immersive VR therapy. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of more immersive technologies, such as VR, using head-mounted displays (HMDs). As a first step towards potential clinical implementation, we ran an experiment with 21 healthy participants who performed a 3D reaching and cutting fruit task using: (1) a VR HMD, and (2) a 2D screen. Pupil diameter, fixation, saccade duration, and saccade amplitude data were collected. Pupil diameter results showed that the VR environment can mitigate the impact of high task difficulty on participants' cognitive workload (CWL). Fixation and saccade results indicated that participants could tentatively maintain consistent levels of SA and engagement within the VR environment, regardless of task difficulty. These findings suggest that VR holds promise as a therapeutic platform for alleviating CWL and maintaining engagement compared to 2D screens.

Maternal mental health problems are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries, yet follow-up after birth remains inconsistent.

Systematic postnatal home visits are recommended but many women do not receive them. clinical and economic impact of a structured scheduling of visits before discharge has not been fully evaluated.

To determine whether systematically arranged postpartum home visits were associated with reduced maternal rehospitalisations for mental health conditions. Secondary objectives included maternal and infant outcomes and healthcare costs within the first year.

We conducted a matched cohort study using national administrative data from 1297,646 low risk mother-infant dyads. In the intervention group, a midwife home visit was scheduled before discharge. Controls were matched on demographic and obstetric variables. The main outcome was maternal rehospitalisation for mental health conditions (ICD-10 codes F30-F45, F48, including depression or anxiety) within one year postpartum, excluding psychoses (F20-F29). Secondary outcomes included all-cause rehospitalisation for mothers and/or infants, use of emergency services, mortality, and overall healthcare costs.

A scheduled home visit occurred in 95 % of cases in the intervention group, compared to 52 % in controls (p < 0.0001). The intervention was associated with fewer maternal mental health-related rehospitalisations (RR=0.82, p < 0.0001) and slightly reduced overall rehospitalisation rates for mothers and infants. Mortality was unchanged. Mean healthcare costs were marginally lower in the intervention group.

Systematic discharge planning may improve continuity of care and reduce psychiatric morbidity.

Postpartum home visit scheduling supports better outcomes and may offer modest economic benefits.

Mental health research emphasizes the importance of fostering character strengths to promote well-being. However, whether the strengths supposedly developed by these interventions actually mediate their effects on well-being is still unknown. The included studies were RCTs of strength-based interventions on well-being. Among 83,908 reviewed abstracts, five strengths met the strict inclusion criteria to be meta-analyzed. We included 114 RCTs with a total of 20,853 participants. A One-Stage Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to combine studies and analyze the mediation models. Perspective-based interventions showed improvements in perspective. Kindness-based interventions and gratitude-based interventions demonstrated moderate associations with their respective strengths. Humor and hope-based interventions did not significantly enhance their respective trained strengths. Significant mediation effects on well-being were found for all strengths, except hope. The robust pattern of mediations aligns with eudaemonic theories, emphasizing the importance of virtue-driven actions in fostering psychological well-being.

Little is known about how people with Parkinson's conceptualize "quality of life."

To describe the meaning of "quality of life" from the perspective of people with Parkinson's.

Participants (N = 42) were asked "What does the term 'quality of life' mean to you?" Definitions were analyzed using inductive qualitative methods.

Quality of life is captured in a framework illustrating how activities, experiences, and coping strategies generate positive feelings that collectively shape the mental state that defines quality of life.

People with Parkinson's typically define what constitutes a good quality of life, with health status acting as an enabler (or barrier). Multiple factors, varying across individuals and potentially changing with circumstances, shape how people view their quality of life, and offer potential avenues for sustaining it. These personal, subjective and adaptive conceptualizations of quality of life should inform the design of interventions and measurement instruments.

People with HIV (PWH) with a history of cancer are more likely to experience poor psychosocial well-being compared to those without HIV. This study aims to assess the associations between social and healthcare disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic with psychosocial well-being among cancer survivors with and without HIV. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and September 2020 among participants of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study with a history of cancer. The primary exposures were social disruptions (loss of job, child care, financial support, housing, and health insurance) and healthcare disruptions (unable to attend a healthcare appointment, obtain medications, and afford medical care). Psychosocial outcomes included depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress, loneliness, social support, social support satisfaction, and resilient coping. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using multivariable Poisson regression. Cancer survivors (N = 452) included 63.7% PWH and 51.5% men. Overall, PWH were more likely to experience social disruptions compared to those without HIV (49.6% vs. 36.6%; p = 0.008). Among cancer survivors with HIV, two or more social disruptions were associated with high depressive symptoms (aPR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.56, 3.08), anxiety symptoms (aPR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.25, 4.48), stress (aPR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.25, 8.79), and loneliness (aPR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.25, 3.74), and one or more healthcare disruptions were associated with high depressive symptoms (aPR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.94), stress (aPR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.53, 5.58), loneliness (aPR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.57), and low social support (aPR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.82). Disruptions were associated with poorer mental health among PWH but not among people without HIV.