Social media serves as a tool for increased digital interconnectedness and has resulted in playing an instrumental role in sharing health-related information with a wide audience. In conjunction with the vast availability of information, there has been a rapid spread of misinformation, leading to public mistrust, safety concerns, and discrimination. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the threat of misinformation resulting in detrimental health outcomes due to individuals becoming fatigued with COVID-19 health guidance. Although vaccinations are the key to combating COVID-19, the overwhelming amount of misinformation has resulted in diminished vaccine acceptance.

This study aims to (1) train and deploy a group of health care workers and student volunteers to address antivaccine sentiment on Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc) and (2) evaluate the intervention through semistructured interviews to determine lessons learned and suggestions for future initiatives to address internet-based misinformation online.

The project used volunteers to address vaccine-hesitant comments on Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc), with the overall goal of empowering health care professionals to counteract the spread of vaccine misinformation. Eligible participants included health care workers and students in health care-related disciplines recruited through social media and email advertising campaigns. Informational training sessions followed, to better equip volunteers with the ability to use their working knowledge of health communication and behavior change to correct web-based misinformation. The volunteers were provided a file containing Facebook posts that discussed COVID-19 vaccines to act as a starting point for leaving or responding to comments that spread vaccine misinformation. Participants were provided with working knowledge of health communication, behavior change, and correct misinformation through the informational training sessions. Qualitative evaluation in the form of interviews was used to examine participant experiences.

Three main themes emerged regarding the project's format and training model, the factors motivating volunteers to participate, and overall experiences tackling misinformation on a social media platform. The first theme showcased that the training format was effective due to its use of interactive components and overall flexibility, resulting in it being well received by volunteers. The second identified theme highlighted that a main driving factor for participation included a balance of professional development and societal good. The third theme revealed that the volunteers' experiences in interacting with the public revealed a rich tapestry of emotions and perspectives, where vaccine hesitancy is interconnected with emotional responses and personal beliefs.

The Informed Choice Project provided an opportunity to increase self-efficacy and confidence for more than a dozen health care professionals and students while engaging in vaccine-related conversations on social media. To enhance both participant satisfaction and compliance, future interventions should consider using a self-paced format, flexible hours, and highlight the vitality of health care professionals as key advocates for trusted sources of information for the public.

Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication of orthopedic trauma that can result in systemic complications affecting multiple organ systems. While diagnostic criteria have become standardized, predictors of systemic complications remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with the development of systemic complications following operative FRI management.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single Level I trauma center from 2013 to 2021. Adult patients with postoperative FRI requiring hospitalization and surgical treatment were included. Patients required either six months of follow-up or development of a systemic complication before that point. Systemic complications included cerebrovascular accident (CVA), myocardial infarction (MI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, and mortality. Demographics, comorbidities, injury characteristics, lab values, and operative details were compared between patients with and without complications.

A total of 281 patients with FRI were included, with 70 (24.9%) experiencing systemic complications. The mean age of patients with complications was significantly higher (51.7 years) compared to those without (43.8 years, p < 0.001). Systemic complications included sepsis (11.7%), AKI (8.2%), DVT/PE (5.0%), and mortality (2.5%). Patients with complications had higher body mass index (BMI) (31.6 kg/m² vs. 29.5 kg/m², p = 0.054), a greater prevalence of diabetes (30.0% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.011), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (42.9% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.002), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (20.0% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001), prior CVA (11.4% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (18.6% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (2.2 vs. 1.0, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in fracture characteristics, operative details, or preoperative laboratory values (white blood cell [WBC] count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], albumin, prealbumin) between the groups. Multivariate analysis identified higher CCI as an independent risk factor for systemic complications (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.31-2.57; p = 0.001).

Patient characteristics such as age, diabetes, CVD, COPD, CVA, CKD, and CCI differed significantly in patients with FRI who experienced systemic complications from those without. CCI was an independent risk factor for systemic complications following FRI.

Patient characteristics such as age, diabetes, CVD, COPD, CVA, CKD, and CCI differed significantly in patients with FRI who experienced systemic complications from those without. CCI was an independent risk factor for systemic complications following FRI. III.

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and on March 11, 2020, it declared the Corona epidemic (COVID-19). Governments around the world have adopted a series of procedures to reduce the spread of the pandemic (eg, lockdowns, social distancing and isolation) affecting over half of the world's population. The population of the mentally challenged may be among the most vulnerable populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study is a retrospective study. The information was extracted from existing medical files of patients in the "Ziv" Medical Center Emergency Department, who applied for psychiatric help in 2016 and in 2020. The data from the source documents was collected and processed through SPSS software.

Data was received for about 958 patients who applied to the psychiatric emergency room in 2016 and for 1565 patients who applied in 2020.

The results of the study strengthen the hypothesis that the Corona epidemic (COVID-19) had a cumulative negative effect on mental health and caused dramatic consequences for the mental health of the population. An increase was observed in the number of patient applications to the psychiatric emergency room, including repeated referrals, referrals in more unusual situations such as accompanied by violence or suicidality, as well as an increase in the number of forced hospitalizations.

Viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the leading cause of hospitalization in infants under 1 year of age. Most clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommend a minimalist management approach based on supportive therapy, focusing solely on maintaining oxygenation and hydration.

To examine the reasons behind the poor adherence to evidence-based guidelines for bronchiolitis in real-world clinical practice and to explore potential strategies to improve future management.

This narrative review discusses factors that may explain the observed gap between guideline recommendations and clinical practice, including recent findings from the field that help clarify this poor adherence.

We highlight the discrepancy between guideline-based recommendations and clinical implementation. We also discuss the evolving landscape of bronchiolitis management, including evidence supporting novel interventions such as maternal RSV vaccination during pregnancy and the use of monoclonal antibodies like nirsevimab and ziresovir, an oral RSV F protein inhibitor.

Understanding and addressing the causes of poor adherence to bronchiolitis guidelines is critical. Future research should aim to integrate evidence-based treatments with options for personalized adjustments. Updated guidelines should reflect emerging interventions and provide rational management pathways until robust evidence from new studies becomes available.

Objective To investigate the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and the risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and explore potential effect modifiers influencing this association.Methods Clinical data from 476 175 participants in the UK Biobank(2006-2010)were collected.A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between GERD and the risk of incident COPD.Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine potential modifiers of the primary findings.Results A total of 11 587(2.43%)new COPD cases were diagnosed.The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that GERD was associated with an increased risk of incident COPD(HR=1.59,95%CI=1.46-1.74,P<0.001).GERD was linked to a higher risk of incident COPD in individuals aged<60 years(P<0.001)and non-smokers(P=0.011).No association was observed between GERD and the risk of incident COPD in current smokers with a daily cigarette consumption<10 cigarettes(P=0.261).Conclusion GERD may increase the risk of incident COPD.

Researchers proposed mechanical ventilators (MVs) based on the automated compression of a self-inflating bag (SIB) to save lives during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many proposals had problems with continuous use time, repeatability of ventilatory variables, high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) values, and a decreasing fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) for high respiratory rates.

This study aimed to demonstrate that our technology, based on automated compression of an SIB, can operate for several days, is repeatable in its ventilatory variables, and is safe in the ventilator-patient interaction.

Ehecatl-4T (EHT) MV was based on SIB. We first validated the repeatability of the ventilatory variables using a lung simulator for different compliances (0.01 up to 0.05 L/cmH₂O) and resistances (5 up to 50 cmH₂O·s/L). Subsequently, we conducted a long-term durability test to maintain the ventilatory parameters. Finally, the EHT was tested in a preclinical study using 12 York-Landrace × Pietrain-Duroc pigs weighing 87 ± 5 kg. Six pigs were assigned to the experimental group and six were assigned to the reference group.

The EHT presented a relative error within the allowed margin for both pressure and volume modes. The EHT was operated for over 32 days without affecting the ventilatory variables. In the preclinical study, the PaCO₂ and FiO₂ values were close to the reference levels.

The EHT showed potential for continuous use, demonstrating repeatability for ventilatory variables in bench testing. Clinical parameters were maintained according to the industry safety standards.

The cardiometabolic Index (CMI) serves as a metric for evaluating the functional and metabolic health of the heart. It aids healthcare professionals in assessing cardiac health, predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and determining the effectiveness of various treatments. Despite its significance, there is a scarcity of studies examining the relationship between CMI and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Consequently, our objective was to clarify the relationship between CMI and OSA.

We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), focusing on a cohort of adults aged 20 years and older. To assess the prevalence of OSA, we employed the Sleep Questionnaire (SLQ) included in the NHANES dataset, which identifies OSA based on symptom-based survey items. Various analytical methods were utilized to examine the relationship between CMI and OSA, including multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), threshold effect analysis, subgroup analyses, and mediation effect analyses.

In this study, we included 3,912 participants, among whom 1,997 were diagnosed with OSA, resulting in a prevalence of 51%. After thoroughly accounting for relevant covariates, a positive correlation between the CMI and OSA was observed [OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.21, 1.42), p < 0.001]. This association was further corroborated through restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses. Additionally, threshold effect analyses indicated a significant inflection point, with the prevalence of OSA increasing significantly with CMI and then leveling off. Further subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant interaction based on smoking status (p < 0.05). Finally, mediation analyses confirmed that smoking served as a mediator in the relationship between CMI and OSA, exhibiting a mediation effect size of 0.002115.

In the adult population of the United States, a positive nonlinear relationship exists between the CMI and the prevalence of OSA. Smoking status partially mediates this association. Additionally, the findings from the threshold effects analysis indicate that maintaining CMI within an appropriate range can significantly decrease the likelihood of developing OSA.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, with the urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to improve control and treatment outcomes. This study evaluates the performance of MassARRAY technology for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and identifying drug resistance, compared to traditional culture methods and Xpert MTB/RIF. From July 2021 to February 2024, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 289 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, China, were tested using MassARRAY, Xpert MTB/RIF, and conventional culturing techniques. The performance of each method was assessed for MTB detection, and the ability of MassARRAY to identify drug resistance was compared with standard drug susceptibility testing (DST). MassARRAY demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.5% and a specificity of 34.6% for MTB detection, outperforming the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in sensitivity (94.7%) but showing lower specificity. In detecting rifampicin resistance, MassARRAY achieved concordance rates of 83.93% with Xpert MTB/RIF and 72.73% with DST. Furthermore, MassARRAY successfully identified key genetic mutations associated with drug resistance, such as rpoB 531 for rifampicin and katG 315 for isoniazid. MassARRAY demonstrated high concordance with DST for several drugs, including isoniazid, kanamycin, and streptomycin, but exhibited limitations in detecting resistance to pyrazinamide, clofazimine, cycloserine, and linezolid. Overall, MassARRAY provides a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput diagnostic platform for MTB and drug resistance, particularly for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. While limitations in specificity and resistance detection for certain second-line drugs exist, its ability to rapidly provide comprehensive resistance profiles makes it a valuable tool for TB management.

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at elevated risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. We aimed to determine, in a COPD population, the relationship between hospitalization and post-discharge one-year rates of (i) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and (ii) cause-specific mortality.

We conducted a prospective cohort study on a COPD population, between 01/01/2010 and 31/12/2019, using nationally-representative, routinely collected electronic healthcare records in England (Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care data, linked with secondary care [Hospital Episode Statistics], and mortality [Office of National Statistics] data). The exposure was ≥one hospitalization, and the control group was no hospitalization. Outcomes were one-year rates of (i) non-fatal MACE (acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, heart failure, or ischemic stroke) and (ii) cause-specific mortality. Exposures were stratified by hospitalization type (elective and emergency) and cause (all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-cardiorespiratory). We implemented adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models, and sensitivity doubly robust propensity score-adjusted models.

Hospitalized COPD patients had significantly higher rates (incidence rate [IR, per 1000 person-years]; adjusted hazard ratio {aHR} [95% confidence interval {95% CI}] of MACE in the year following hospitalization, whether elective (IR=33.3; 7.04 [6.19-8.07]) or emergency (IR=70.0; 8.85 [7.78-10.06]), versus those without hospitalization (IR=3.4). Emergency hospitalization was associated with increased all-cause mortality (IR=146.5; 2.49 [2.37-2.61]), regardless of hospitalization cause, compared to those not hospitalized (IR=30.3). Elective hospitalization was also associated with increased all-cause mortality (IR=54.6; 1.32 [1.25-1.38]), except for cardiovascular elective hospitalization (1.00 [0.89-1.12]). Cause-specific mortality was influenced largely by hospitalization cause.

Hospitalized COPD patients experienced increased subsequent one-year MACE and mortality rates, regardless of hospitalization cause or type. Hospitalization for any reason in COPD patients provides an opportunity to provide primary prevention for MACE.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted civic life, particularly for older adults at increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality. Yet, little is known about the longer-term impacts on their daily routines and how this may affect health and wellbeing.

This qualitative study utilized data from older US adults who participated in the COVID-19 Coping Study's three-year follow-up online survey, conducted in April-May 2023. The primary aim was to understand how and why daily routines have changed among older Americans (N = 1,309).

Participants had an average age of 71 years, with approximately 74% female and 93% identifying as Non-Hispanic White. We conducted content and thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses to identify five key reasons for still-altered routines 3 years after the pandemic onset: (1) COVID-19 risk and exposure, (2) altered access, (3) broader life circumstances, (4) emotional health, and (5) physical health.

These findings highlight the enduring impacts of the pandemic on older adults' routines and underscore the importance of integrating public health strategies that prioritize routine stability to enhance mental, physical, and social health. To support older adults' wellbeing during and beyond public health emergencies, we recommend strengthening community-based programs, improving access to health and social services, and designing adaptable interventions that help individuals rebuild and maintain meaningful daily routines.