The US's longest-running preterm birth cohort study is nearing its 40th anniversary. With rising survival rates for preterm birth, understanding adult health outcomes is essential; early life medical risk trajectories are hypothesized to lead to poorer outcomes by age 35 years.

To examine how early life medical risk is associated with psychological and physiological health in adulthood, highlighting the supportive roles of social protection and childhood socioeconomic status (SES).

This cohort study included data from a longitudinal follow-up of a cohort from a level III neonatal intensive care unit in New England between 1985 and 1989, along with a control group of healthy full-term infants. Data were collected from March 2020 to March 2024 for the tenth follow-up using a longitudinal cohort approach. Inclusion criteria targeted preterm infants weighing under 1850 g with various neonatal diagnoses. Critically ill infants with low survival or major congenital anomalies were excluded. Biospecimens, physiological measurements, and imaging data were collected at a single clinical facility, while self-report surveys were gathered at home.

Early life medical risk from preterm birth.

Primary outcomes included psychological and physiological health. Adult self-report questionnaire, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, triglycerides, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan were measured. Statistical analyses included latent growth curve and path models using the medical risk index, social protection index, and SES.

The study sample included 158 preterm and 55 full-term-born adults (mean [SD] age, 35.0 [1.3] years; 107 [50.2%] female). Higher medical risk severity was associated with increases in internalizing problems (β [SE], 0.85 [0.33]; P = .01), higher systolic blood pressure (β [SE], 7.15 [2.47]; P = .004), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β [SE], -13.07 [4.4]; P = .003), higher triglycerides (β [SE], 53.97 [24.6]; P = .03), higher android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β [SE], 0.22 [0.08]; P = .006), and lower bone density (β [SE], -1.14 [0.40]; P = .004).

In this cohort study, preterm individuals had higher early life medical risk and faced increased mental health disorders, cardiometabolic issues, and body composition differences compared with full-term peers at age 35 years. Despite strong evidence linking preterm birth to long-term health consequences, many primary care clinicians in the US remain unaware of these risks, often due to infrequent birth history inquiries in adult health care settings.

Depressive symptoms are prevalent mental health issues among college students. Physical activity has been recognized as a potential protective factor. However, the mechanisms through which physical activity alleviates depressive symptoms remain unclear.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical activity, psychological flexibility, psychological inflexibility, and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. The mediating roles of psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility on these associations were also examined.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1205 college students from four universities in Shanghai, China. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) were used to assess physical activity and depressive symptoms, respectively. Psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility were measured using the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory Short Form (MPFI-24). PROCESS macro models were used to analyze the mediating effects of psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms.

The results showed a significant negative correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms (r = -0.15, p < 0.01). Psychological inflexibility played a partial mediation role in the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms (indirect effect: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.48 ~ -0.01). However, psychological flexibility did not mediate the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms.

The study suggested that psychological inflexibility partially mediated the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms among college students. Interventions targeting physical activity and psychological inflexibility may be effective strategies for lowering depressive symptoms in this population.

Extant phenotypic and genetic literature has established consistent relationships between autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and psychiatric disorders. However, a comprehensive model investigating the association between a broad range of psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated disease in a multivariate framework is lacking. We utilized Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM) to establish a factor structure across 11 immune-mediated diseases. Genetic correlations between these immune factors were examined with five established factors across 13 psychiatric disorders. We develop and validate a new heterogeneity metric, Q_Factor, that quantifies the degree to which factor correlations are driven by more specific pairwise associations, which were further investigated in the form of residual genetic correlations. A four-factor model of immune-mediated diseases fit the data well and described a continuum from autoimmune to autoinflammatory diseases, reflecting autoimmune, celiac, mixed pattern, and autoinflammatory diseases. Analyses revealed six significant factor correlations between the immune and psychiatric factors, including autoimmune and mixed pattern diseases with the substance use factors, autoinflammatory diseases and mixed pattern diseases with the internalizing factor, autoinflammatory diseases with the compulsive disorders factor, and autoinflammatory diseases with the schizophrenia/bipolar factor. Additionally, we find evidence of divergence in associations within factors as indicated by Q_Factor and 10 significant residual genetic correlations between individual psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases. The results suggest that previously described relationships between specific psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases often capture broader pathways of risk sharing indexed by our genomic factors yet are more specific than a general association across all psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases.

This network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of the dextromethorphan-bupropion combination (AXS-05) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Data were retrieved from multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey, yielding 60 records. After removing duplicates and excluding irrelevant studies, such as reviews, case reports, posters, and studies focusing on unrelated populations (e.g., Alzheimer's dementia), two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) - Tabuteau et al. (2022) and Iosifescu et al. (2022) - were selected for final analysis. The inclusion criteria focused on RCTs published between 2014 and 2024, involving adult participants (18-65 years) diagnosed with MDD, and reporting on the efficacy and safety of the dextromethorphan-bupropion combination. Studies that did not focus on MDD, were not in English, or lacked control groups were excluded. The findings indicate superior efficacy of the dextromethorphan-bupropion combination, with remission rates of 46.5% and 39.5%, compared to 16.2% for Bupropion alone and 17.3% for placebo. Despite a higher incidence of mild to moderate adverse events (72.9% vs. 64.6% for Bupropion), the combination's safety profile remained comparable, with no significant increase in treatment discontinuation. These results suggest that AXS-05 is a promising treatment for MDD, warranting further investigation in larger, diverse populations to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.

People with epilepsy can experience limitations in their everyday lives due to their condition, impacting on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We synthesized evidence on HRQOL and unmet needs in adult people with epilepsy and their family caregivers to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of epilepsy and to identify opportunities for healthcare service improvements.

Systematic literature searches were conducted in CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, APA PsychInfo, Scopus, and grey literature databases (12 August 2024). Articles with primary quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods data covering HRQOL outcomes or unmet needs of adults with epilepsy, their family caregivers, or healthcare professionals as proxies were included. A reflexive thematic framework analysis approach was taken to interpret findings.

Searches yielded 5451 unique publications of which 139 were included. Most publications covered only quantitative data (n = 97, 69.8 %) and utilized a cross-sectional design (n = 121, 87.1 %). All domains of HRQOL (physical, cognitive, emotional/mental, social, and spiritual functioning) were impacted by epilepsy, and intercorrelated. High seizure burden and low socioeconomic status were consistently linked to poor HRQOL outcomes. Adverse HRQOL outcomes were related to high levels of illness intrusiveness, uncertainty, and low levels of perceived control. Caregiver burden was notable. People with epilepsy reported a range of information, healthcare communication, psycho-social and lifestyle, and education/vocational needs.

Epilepsy impacts patient and caregiver HRQOL outcomes, highlighting profound illness intrusiveness. Addressing unmet needs may enhance clinical care and empower people with epilepsy and their caregivers to better cope with their condition, improving HRQOL.

INPLASY202510047.

Myoclonus Dystonia is a Mendelian inherited, childhood-onset dystonic disorder, caused by mutations in the autosomal dominantly inherited SGCE gene, and in which both motor and psychiatric phenotypes are observed. Results from murine and in vivo human studies suggest dystonia is caused by disruption to neuronal networks, and in particular the basal ganglia-cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit. Work focused on the cortical component implicates disruption to neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance as being a key contributor in the observed phenotypes. Our previous work, focused on cortical excitatory glutamatergic neurons, demonstrated a hyperexcitable phenotype and more complex dendritic arborisation in an in vitro model of Myoclonus Dystonia. By contrast, human electrophysiological studies have suggested that it is the loss of inhibitory tone in this region that contributes to the overall hyperkinesis. To explore this further we have evaluated the impact of SGCE mutations on medial ganglionic eminence-derived inhibitory GABAergic neurons using the same patient-derived induced pluripotent and gene edited embryonic stem cell lines, comparing each to their isogenic wild-type control. Differentiation towards inhibitory interneurons demonstrated no significant differences in neither early (NKX2.1, FOXG1), nor late stage (GAD67, GABA), developmental markers. Single-cell RNA sequencing additionally confirmed evidence of markers consistent with Medial Ganglionic Eminence-derived GABAergic neurons, and when compared to two publicly available human foetal ganglionic eminence transcriptomic datasets, confirmed that the cells generated resembled those found in vivo. Further analysis of this data demonstrated transcriptomic dysregulation in genes related to axonal organization, synaptic signalling and action potential generation in the SGCE-mutation positive neurons. Subsequent characterisation of dendritic morphology found SGCE-mutation positive neurons to have shorter branches, fewer higher order branches and reduced branching complexity, compared to their wild-type controls. Functional analyses using Ca2+ imaging and MEA approaches to examine network activity identified significantly lower calcium responses to GABA and reduced spike and burst frequencies in the SGCE-mutation carrying lines, compared to their isogenic controls. Reduced activity was also observed in single-cell patch clamp studies with fewer neurons firing action potential trains, coupled with fewer spontaneous post-synaptic currents, compared to controls. Collectively, this work indicates lower neuronal inhibitory activity and complexity of the dendritic arbor in the context of SGCE mutations, further contributing to the disruption of neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance in motor circuits and potentially underlying the observed clinical hyperkinetic phenotype. These changes may also represent common characteristics across the wider dystonia spectrum, with potential for future target identification with amenability to therapeutic intervention.

The increased life expectancy provided by Antiretroviral Therapy(ART) has led to the incidence of different comorbidities in people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), especially comorbidities related to aging and mental health. Among these, cognitive impairment and depression increased in this population. Therefore, non-pharmacological strategies, such as physical exercise, have been studied to improve these outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance training(RT) on cognitive function and depression status in people with HIV. The sample consisted of 20 subjects (12 men and eight women), randomized in two groups: Control Group (CG, n = 9) and Training Group (TG, n = 11). Cognitive function (Stroop Test), depression status (Beck Depression Inventory- BDI), and plasma levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were assessed before and after the resistance training intervention. The results indicated thatRT was able to promote significant improvements in the cognitive domains and reduce symptoms of depression (ΔCG: 1.56 ± 2.46; ΔTG -3.18 ± 1.66, P > 0.001). Regarding BDNF, no significant change was observed (P > 0.05). In conclusion, eight weeks ofRT improves cognitive function and depression status in people with HIV, without changing the circulating BDNF levels (NCT03879993).

Harmful alcohol use remains a significant global public health challenge. Examining variability in the acute subjective effects of alcohol and related neurobiological mechanisms may advance the understanding of susceptibility to harmful alcohol use. Research suggests the endocannabinoid (eCB) system may play an important role in mediating the reinforcing effects of alcohol. This study examined the relationship between alcohol-induced changes in eCB concentrations and the subjective psychoactive effects of acute alcohol consumption.

Healthy social drinkers (n = 28, aged 20-35 years) participated in a within-subjects, single-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory alcohol challenge study. Alcohol (0.6 g/kg; with 20% adjustment for women) and placebo sessions were counterbalanced. Subjective alcohol effects were assessed from self-report questionnaires administered pre- and post-dosing, including the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES), Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). The eCBs, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), were assessed from blood plasma taken throughout the dosing session.

Acute alcohol was associated with an overall decrease in 2-AG concentrations compared to placebo. Further, we found that a drop in 2-AG concentrations was associated with less drug 'liking' and feelings of 'friendliness', whereas under placebo conditions, a rise in 2-AG was associated with a smaller decrease in feelings of 'stimulation' (e.g., feeling energized, talkative). Alcohol did not significantly affect AEA concentrations.

Our study provides the first evidence that eCBs may contribute to individual differences in sensitivity to alcohol's reward-related mechanisms by influencing subjective experience, offering insight into the potential role of eCBs in the processes underlying harmful alcohol use.

Emerging evidence highlights the role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. While most research has focused on aerobic modalities and chronic training programs, the acute psychological impact of resistance training (RT)-particularly in healthy, active individuals-remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the immediate effects of a single RT session on anxiety and depression in healthy, active individuals.

Fifty-six healthy, physically active participants (43 males, 13 females; M age = 24.41 ± 4.41 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (RT, n = 30) or a control group (stretching/mobility, n = 26). The RT session included multi-joint exercises performed at 70-75% 1RM, while the control session consisted of non-load-based mobility and flexibility exercises. Psychological responses were measured immediately before and five minutes after the session using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which includes subscales for anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D).

Non-parametric within-group analysis (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test) revealed a significant reduction in anxiety scores in the RT group (Z = -3.3, p < 0.001, r = -0.7), and a moderate but significant decrease in depression (Z = -2.8, p = 0.005, r = -0.6). No significant changes were observed in the control group for either variable. Between-group comparisons (Mann-Whitney U) showed significantly greater reductions in anxiety in the RT group (p = 0.021), while differences in depression deltas were not significant. A Quade ANCOVA confirmed that group assignment is significantly predictive for post-intervention anxiety levels (F(1, 54) = 8.46, p = 0.005), controlling for baseline values.

A single session of moderate-to-high-intensity resistance training can acutely reduce anxiety symptoms in healthy physically active individuals. The effect on depressive symptoms appears more modest and variable, suggesting differential sensitivity to acute exercise stimuli. These findings support the use of RT not only for long-term psychological health but also as a feasible short-term intervention for emotional regulation in healthy active populations.

Introduction: Few applications worldwide focus on psychosocial rehabilitation, and none specifically address psychosocial rehabilitation projects. This justifies the need for an application to assist mental health professionals in constructing and managing such projects in the Brazilian mental health scenario. Objective: This study aimed to present a web application, the "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Application" (Psychosocial Rehab App), and describe its development in detail through a technological survey conducted between May 2024 and February 2025. Method: The development process of the web app was carried out in the following four stages, adapted from the Novak method: theoretical basis, requirements survey, prototyping, and development with alpha testing. The active and collaborative participation of the main researcher (a psychiatric nurse) and two undergraduate software engineers, supervised by a software engineer and a professor of nursing and psychology, was essential for producing a suitable operational product available to mental health professionals. Interactions were conducted via video calls, WhatsApp, and email. These interactions were transcribed using the Transkriptor software and inserted into the ATLAS.ti software for thematic analysis. Results: The web app "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Application" displays a home screen for registration and other screens structured into the stages of the psychosocial rehabilitation project (assessment, diagnosis, goals, intervention, agreements, and re-assessment). It also has a home screen, a resource screen, and a function screen with options to add a new project, search for a project, or search for mental health support services. These features facilitate the operation and streamline psychosocial rehabilitation projects by mental health professionals. Thematic analysis revealed three themes and seven codes describing the entire development process and interactions among participants in collaborative, interrelational work. A collaborative approach between researchers and developers was essential for translating the complexity of the psychosocial rehabilitation project into practical and usable functionalities for future users, who will be mental health professionals. Discussion: The Psychosocial Rehab App was developed collaboratively by mental health professionals and developers. It supports the creation of structured rehabilitation projects, improving decision-making and documentation. Designed for clinical use, the app promotes autonomy and recovery by aligning technology with psychosocial rehabilitation theory and the actual needs of mental health services. Conclusions: The Psychosocial Rehab App was developed through collaborative work between mental health and technology professionals. The lead researcher mediated this process to ensure that the app's functionalities reflected both technical feasibility and therapeutic goals. Empathy and dialog were key to translating complex clinical needs into usable and context-appropriate technological solutions.