Burns are a sort of trauma that may cause life-threatening consequences, including edema, which delays recovery. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum on reducing edema of burns in the head, face, and neck areas after second-degree burns.

In 2024, a double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 second-degree burn patients, who were randomly allocated into two groups using permuted block randomization. The 32 participants in the intervention group received head elevation and chewed mint gum every 3 hours for 20 minutes until 3 days after hospitalization. However, the 32 participants in the control group only did head elevation. The Edema Size Detector was completed before and after the intervention. Statistical tests included paired t, independent t, Chi-square, and difference-in-difference regression, which were analyzed in SPSS V.16 at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean (SD) of burn percentages was 31.86 (2.71). Before the intervention, there were not any significant differences between the two groups for frontal, maxillary, and superior-inferior diameters (p > 0.05). However, after the intervention, these differences were significantly meaningful (p < 0.001). Additionally, assessing the group effect and time effect and adjusting the model showed that in the intervention group, frontal (T = -15.33, p < 0.001), maxillary (T = -12.88, p < 0.001), and superior-inferior diameters (T = -19.20, p < 0.001) have statistically significant variation.

Chewing gum for 20 minutes three times a day can reduce burn edema in the head, face, and neck after second-degree burns.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has adverse effects on mental health and quality of life. International guidelines recommended the provision of cognitive behavioral models to support self-management for these women. The patient-centered 5A's model might meet this need. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using the 5A's model for self-management counseling on quality of life and self-efficacy in women with PCOS.

This study is a randomized clinical trial, and the research population included women with PCOS referred to Baghaeipour Clinic in Yazd, Iran, between April 2023 and October 2023. Sixty-four women were randomized to the intervention (the self-management program based on the 5A's model) and active control groups (educational booklet). PCOS Quality of Life and General Self-Efficacy Scale were completed by participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19, independent t-test, and repeated measures (p < 0.05).

The mean difference between quality of life (F_2,60 = 75.25, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (F_2,60 = 29.09, p < 0.001) scores before, after, and follow-up in the intervention group was significant. The mean difference between quality of life (F_2,62 = 24.64, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (F_2,62 = 20.39, p < 0.001) scores before, after, and follow-up in the active control group was significant. However, the increase in the quality of life and self-efficacy score in the intervention group was higher than in the control group.

The 5A's model and educational booklets to improve self-management increased quality of life and self-efficacy of women with PCOS, which can be used in clinical settings for healthcare providers.

Patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) face a high risk of recurrence postoperatively, yet there is a lack of comprehensive predictive models that integrate genetic and other multifaceted information.

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 911 patients with stage ⅠA1-ⅢA NSCLC in West China Hospital between November 2013 and August 2020, aimed to develop a prediction model incorporating demographic, clinical, pathological, radiological, and genetic data to enhance postoperative risk stratification and inform personalized follow-up and treatment strategies. After Lasso regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, mutations in JAK1 and STK11, disease stage, visceral pleural invasion (VPI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumor spread through air spaces (STAS), radiological density, cavitary sign, and smoking index (SI), were identified as significant risk factors.

These variables were integrated into a nomogram model to classify patients into three risk categories for recurrence: low (total score ≤ 100), moderate (100 < total score ≤ 175.16), and high (total score > 175.16). The performance of the nomogram was rigorously assessed through calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis both in training set [AUC:0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93 1year; AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81-0.89r 3year, AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81-0.895year] and validation set (AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79-0.92 1year; AUC: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.89 3year, AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.91 5year).

Our multi-source imaging-genomic-clinical model accurately predicts the risk of recurrence after surgery in stage ⅠA1-ⅢA NSCLC patients and can be used for risk stratification to guide clinical follow-up management and postoperative treatment strategies.

The association between plasma metabolites derived from dietary substrates and inflammatory processes remains underexplored, despite its potential relevance in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between blood metabolites and the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers.

A total of 25 randomized controlled trials, published between 2019 and 2024, were included from an initial pool of 111 records. These studies investigated the effects of dietary patterns, specific food groups, or nutritional supplements on the human metabolome and their potential links to inflammation.

Metabolomic analyses were predominantly performed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms (17 out of 25), with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as the most frequently employed method. Both targeted (n = 14) and untargeted (n = 11) approaches were represented, and samples were drawn from plasma, urine, and feces. Across the interventions, 64 metabolites were modulated, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, benzenoids, and organic acids, reflecting potential changes in pathways related to oxidative stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammatory signaling. Several studies also assessed classical inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Interventions involving healthy traditional dietary patterns, improvements in dietary fat quality, or the use of specific probiotic strains were often associated with favorable immunometabolic outcomes. In contrast, some interventions, such as Mohana Choorna, elicited upregulation of immune-related gene expression in adipose tissue without improvements in glucose or lipid metabolism.

While metabolomic responses varied across studies, the evidence highlights the value of dietary interventions in modulating systemic metabolism and inflammation. These findings support the integration of metabolomics into clinical nutrition to define more personalized and effective dietary strategies for inflammation-related chronic disease prevention.

Kidney disease is increasingly linked to dysregulated lipid metabolism, yet the molecular mechanisms driving renal lipotoxicity remain poorly understood. This review elucidates the pivotal role of the hepatic nuclear factor-1 family (HNF-1α and HNF-1β) in renal lipid homeostasis, integrating clinical and experimental evidence. Functionally, HNF-1 isoforms regulate lipid synthesis, oxidation, and transport via conserved POU domains and transcriptional networks. HNF-1α enhances high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux through ApoM, while concurrently regulating PCSK9 to promote LDL receptor (LDLR) endocytosis and degradation, thereby inhibiting cholesterol uptake; whereas, HNF-1β promotes cholesterol synthesis via activation of HMGCR/SREBF2 and modulates the PCSK9-LDLR axis. Additionally, HNF-1β coordinates triglyceride metabolism through farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways, and regulates mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A). Clinically, HNF-1α (MODY3) and HNF-1β (MODY5) mutations are closely associated with dyslipidemia, proteinuria, and CKD progression, with lipotoxicity serving as a key pathogenic driver. Therapeutic strategies targeting HNF-1 include pharmacological agents (e.g., metformin, GLP-1 agonists) and natural compounds (berberine, resveratrol) that modulate its transcriptional activity, alongside CRISPR and miRNA-based precision interventions. This review summarizes the important and multifaceted role of HNF-1 in renal metabolic disorders, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target and offering new strategies for precision nephrology.

Depression affects approximately 5% of the global adult population, and its clinical and economic burden is particularly pronounced among individuals with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where it is frequently underdiagnosed and inadequately managed. Pharmacists play an important role in managing chronic diseases, including depression, through screening and medication management.

This systematic review aimed to critically appraise and synthesize evidence on pharmacist input in screening and managing depression among patients with diabetes, either as sole providers or as part of a multidisciplinary team, and assess their impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life.

A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2023 and updated in March 2025 across Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) databases, and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies, irrespective of their design and published in English, reporting any pharmacist input in screening and managing depression among patients with diabetes, were included. No date restrictions were applied. Data extraction was based on Donabedian's quality-of-care model, which categorizes findings into structure, process, and outcome. The results were presented in both narrative and tabular formats. Quality was assessed by two independent researchers via the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Among the 1,852 records screened, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies described pharmacist input in depression screening n = 4, medication therapy management n = 6, telehealth services n = 2, and shared medical appointments n = 1. The most reported setting was outpatient clinics, n = 5. All studies demonstrated the positive impact of pharmacists on depression screening, treatment initiation, and medication adherence., Some interventions failed to significantly improve clinical parameters such as HbA1c levels or depressive symptoms. Barriers included limited physicians' response to screening results and a lack of structured care models.

The positive impact of pharmacist interventions on this patient cohort is evident despite the variability across settings and intervention designs, reflecting the adaptability of pharmacist services. Results also suggest the need for standardized models of care and consistent outcome reporting.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the concentrations of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterials obtained from individuals with various systemic diseases.

A total of 65 individuals were included and divided into five groups: healthy controls (n = 13), patients diagnosed with diabetes (n = 13), patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy (n = 13), patients using immunomodulatory drugs (n = 13), and patients diagnosed with hepatitis (n = 13). PRF samples were collected from each participant and analyzed in a biochemistry laboratory using ELISA kits specific to PDGF, VEGF, and TGF. The growth factor concentrations were statistically compared across the groups.

The highest mean concentration of PDGF was observed in the hepatitis group. The highest mean concentrations of VEGF and TGF were found in patients using immunomodulatory drugs. However, the differences in growth factor concentrations among the groups were not statistically significant.

PRF is an effective biomaterial widely used in dentistry due to its rich content of growth factors. While no statistically significant differences were found in growth factor concentrations among individuals with different systemic conditions, a notable increase in these levels was observed in certain disease groups. These findings suggest that systemic diseases may influence the biological composition of PRF, warranting further investigation.

Basal rate (BR) adjustment is crucial for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus, accounting for 30% to 50% of total daily insulin needs. All current closed-loop systems revert to the user's usual pump BR (known as manual mode) in the event of closed loop failure. Furthermore, access to closed-loop systems remains relatively low in low- and middle-income countries and among those without suitable health insurance. Accurately adjusting the BR remains challenging, leading to hypo- or hyperglycemia, and research on optimizing the BR is limited.

This study proposed an adaptive algorithm that uses continuous glucose monitoring data to identify BR inaccuracies without requiring meal intake information.

The OhioT1DM dataset formed the basis for implementing this methodology. Each composite day was generated by excluding bolus insulin profiles lacking meal intake information and by calculating hourly blood glucose (BG) relative levels along with their corresponding reliability measures, enabling assessment of deviations from the recommended BR (ie, a BG relative change of 0 mg/dL). Both a noninferiority analysis and a classification precision metric were used to assess the practicality of this approach compared to using meal data.

Data from 12 participants showed noninferiority of the no-meal method: using a 20% noninferiority margin on absolute BG relative change, 9 of 12 participants met the criterion (1-sided P<.05). Classification precision was 73.9% (139/188) of meals correctly classified on average per participant (SD 11.8%; 95% CI 67.2%-79.7%). The daily cumulative BG average was 200.6 mg/dL (SD 61.7 mg/dL; 11.1 mmol/L, SD 3.4 mmol/L; 95% CI 161.4-239.8 mg/dL), with peak values reaching 270.15 mg/dL (14.99 mmol/L). Furthermore, 99.3% (286/288) of the BG relative values (SD 0.5%; 95% CI 97.5%-99.8%) that were unaffected by external factors were associated with incorrect BR settings, with deviations ranging from -25.5 to 46 mg/dL (-1.58 to 2.59 mmol/L).

Current strategies to optimize BR settings are inadequate, and our approach of a personalized basal tuner (PBT) helps better analyze BR without relying on meal intake information. Indeed, without an optimally set BR, in the event of the closed loop reverting to manual mode, patients may be exposed to persistent hypo- or hyperglycemia, leading to safety and efficacy issues. Future work will focus on generating BR recommendations through the application of this algorithm in clinical practice to assist clinicians in setting BR in low- and middle-income countries, where closed-loop systems are not prevalent, to help increase time in range.

Emerging adulthood is a high-risk period during which many with type 1 diabetes demonstrate suboptimal diabetes management and glycemic control. There is a need for effective, scalable interventions designed specifically for this population. Technology-based approaches are readily accessible to this age group. Furthermore, interventions consistent with self-determination theory-which posits that the fulfillment of psychological needs for autonomy, self-efficacy, and relatedness promotes intrinsic motivation for change-may resonate well with emerging adults' developmental needs for establishing independence and autonomy, and growing their social network.

This study aimed to enhance the potential relevance, sustainability, and efficacy of 3 self-determination theory-informed mobile health intervention components and content for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Key areas of interest included emerging adults' perspectives on the use of cultural tailoring, developmental relevance of content, and delivery preferences.

In this qualitative formative study, 20 emerging adults reviewed and provided feedback on 3 newly developed intervention components via individual interviews. Ten reviewed the motivation enhancement system, a 2-session counseling intervention grounded in motivational interviewing and designed to enhance emerging adults' autonomy and self-efficacy for diabetes self-management. Ten reviewed the SMS text messaging reminder intervention (one-way text message reminders to complete diabetes care) and the question prompt list (a list of questions related to diabetes care designed to increase patients' active participation during medical visits). Interviews were analyzed using framework matrix analysis, an efficient approach to inductive thematic analysis.

Emerging adults found all 3 interventions acceptable and helpful. They noted the interventions' integration into the technology they already use as a strength. Across interventions, emerging adults also expressed a preference for culturally tailored intervention content, including intervention examples, actors, and language representing their illness experience, identity, and personal preferences. Intervention-specific feedback suggested emerging adults liked motivation enhancement system intervention elements that were engaging (videos) and relatable (peer testimonials), and supported their growing autonomy and independence. For SMS text messaging reminders, emerging adults appreciated the straightforward nature of the reminders and recommended more directive messages. They appreciated the range of topics and variety of messages. Suggestions included making the messages more impactful (eg, direct, personalized, and engaging, such as using emojis). Emerging adults saw the question prompt list content areas as relevant and well-aligned with their concerns highlighting the topic of transitioning to adult life with diabetes as particularly salient.

Emerging adult feedback supports the acceptability and use of these intervention components and will be used to refine the interventions. Feedback was especially positive regarding cultural and other tailoring efforts, as well as content directed at their pending transition to full independence. At the same time, their input suggests the need for multiple specific modifications, highlighting the importance of intensive and detailed feedback from end users.

In late 2023, the Danish national guideline on treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) introduced tighter glucose control to prevent foetal and maternal complications. The change was expected to lead to an increased use of insulin therapy in GDM treatment. This study aimed to evaluate insulin usage and obstetric outcomes when adhering to the new guideline.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated women diagnosed with GDM (n = 67) from May to October 2024 at Gødstrup Hospital, compared with women diagnosed with GDM (n = 46) in a three-month period in 2023 before implementation of the new guideline. Data on maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, education, oral glucose tolerance test 2-h values, insulin treatment, induction of labour and foetal characteristics were collected.

The number of women treated with insulin increased from 26% (2023) to 58% (2024), p less-than 0.01, but the maximum insulin dose did not change (0.42 IU/kg/day). Birthweight and birthweight z-scores were comparable. In 2024, induction of labour was more prevalent (63% versus 39%, p less-than 0.01) without a corresponding rise in obstetric and perinatal complications.

Implementation of the new GDM guideline increased the number of women requiring insulin treatment but did not affect the maximum dose of insulin per kg. The increase in insulin treatment led to a higher labour induction rate, increasing the workload for the obstetric department. Our data showed no decrease in birthweight or the incidence of large-for-gestational-age offspring.

None.

Not relevant.