Accumulating evidence suggests that psilocybin can produce rapid and sustained clinical benefits when administered in conjunction with psychological support. Though non-pharmacological procedures are considered integral, the field lacks therapeutic guidelines and little is known about current practices. This systematic review sought to provide a comprehensive and cross-diagnostic synthesis of current psilocybin therapy (PT) protocols across contemporary mental health related trials. Primary objectives were to define and compare PT models with respect to overall therapeutic framework, evidence-based psychotherapeutic adaptations, and therapeutic standardization measures. Database search identified 22 recent trials assessing psilocybin as treatment for major and treatment-resistant depression, medical condition-related distress, substance use, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and eating disorders. Cross-diagnostic review revealed broad consistency in therapeutic structure (i.e. before, during, and after psilocybin treatment), session themes, and external context during drug administration. However, trials varied in therapeutic intensity, diagnostic adaptations, and incorporation of evidence-based psychotherapies. Less than half of reviewed trials reported standardization measures such as manualized procedures, PT-specific training, or adherence and fidelity monitoring. With non-pharmacological treatment mechanisms still unclear, results highlight potential confounds and standardization gaps that undermine the replicability and generalizability of recent psilocybin interventions. Until adjunctive support protocols are adequately operationalized, mechanistic insight and uptake into clinical practice will remain a challenge.

Police violence is a public health crisis that disproportionately impacts Black youth, worsens their mental health, and potentially heightens their efforts to circumvent police surveillance (i.e., police avoidance). Even so, the link between Black youths' police avoidance and depressive symptoms has yet to be empirically examined. The present study examined this association, adjusting for police violence stress and diverse police exposures. Heterogeneity by youth sex was also assessed.

Data come from the Survey of Police-Adolescent Contact Experiences (SPACE), a recent, cross-sectional, non-probability survey of Black youth (~52% male) aged 12-21 in Baltimore City.

Police avoidance was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, above and beyond stress relating to police violence and diverse exposures to police violence (e.g., police violence news; direct, witnessed, and/or intrusive police stops). Notably, the association between police avoidance and depressive symptoms was significantly larger among male (v. female) participants.

Findings suggest that Black youths' police avoidance is an understudied but important factor associated with their depressive symptoms, particularly for young Black males.

None.

Chronic cough (CC) is one of the commonest presentations to primary care and to respiratory outpatient clinics ^1-4. The Triggers and Sensations Provoking Coughing (TOPIC) questionnaire is a 15-item questionnaire designed to capture sensations and triggers associated with CC in a fashion that discriminates between Refractory Chronic Cough (RCC) and other causes of CC.

Is there a relationship between TOPIC scores and other measures of cough in patients referred to three specialist cough clinics? Can patients with CC be clustered based on reported sensations and triggers as captured by the TOPIC questionnaire?

This was a multi-centre observational study. Data was collected including: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score, verbal cough severity, day and night cough VAS, 24-hour cough frequency and TOPIC questionnaire results. Patterns of TOPIC responses were explored using cluster analysis.

Baseline data was collected on 101 participants. Demographics of study participants were typical of CC patients; 65% female with a mean (SD) age of 59 (+/- 12.9) years. Baseline TOPIC score correlated moderately negatively with baseline LCQ score (r=-0.59, p<0.001) but not with other subjective or objective measures of cough. Hierarchical and K mean cluster analysis were used to group study participants into 4 distinct clusters based on triggers and sensations of cough as captured by the TOPIC questionnaire: i) "high sensations burden"; ii) "vocal triggers"; iii) "eating triggers"; and iv) "need to throat clear". These groups showed statistically significant differences in their demographics and subjective measures of cough (p<0.01).

Patients with CC reported unpleasant somatic sensations and cough triggers captured by the TOPIC questionnaire, associated with lower LCQ scores and worse Quality of Life (QOL). TOPIC questionnaire responses can be used to cluster patients into clinical phenotypes based on reported sensations and triggers.

This study evaluated the potential of panoramic radiographs (PR) for assessing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous changes compared to Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Our ultimate goal is to understand the value of PR as a screening tool and to get guidance for when CBCT should be requested for further investigation.

This cross-sectional retrospective study included patients 18 years or older with a PR and CBCT of TMJ from the School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, between 2021 and 2024. Exclusion criteria included poor image quality, an interval between PR and CBCT over 6 months, and TMJ not fully captured. Assessed findings from the images included condyle and articular eminence flattening, altered size, osteophyte formation, sclerosis, and erosion. Statistical analyses verified the diagnostic accuracy of PR in identifying TMJ degenerative findings compared to CBCT, the reference standard.

One hundred and two TMJs from 51 patients (40 females and 11 males) were included in the study. PR sensitivity was below diagnostic thresholds recommended by current guidelines, ranging from 0 to 0.57, with only condyle flattening (0.55) and condyle altered shape/size (0.57), with a sensitivity above 0.50. A true negative was the most frequent score for all osseous findings except for flattening the condyle, with a high true positive in 32.25% of the cases. The specificity of PR ranged from 0.71 to 1.00.

PR is an opportunistic screening tool but does not meet sensitivity thresholds to serve as a stand-alone diagnostic method for TMJ DJD. Abnormal findings seen in the PR should prompt CBCT to confirm osseous pathology.

PR is widely used in dental practice and may reveal gross TMJ abnormalities. When these findings align with clinical signs or symptoms, CBCT should be considered for further assessment. This approach supports earlier detection of DJD while adhering to the ALADAIP principle.

In recent years, there has been a growing research interest focused on identifying traces of mental disorders through social media analysis. These disorders significantly impair millions of individuals' cognitive and behavioral functions worldwide. Our study aims to advance the understanding of four prevalent mental disorders: Anorexia, Depression, Gambling, and Self-harm. We present a comprehensive framework designed for the domain adaptation of models to analyze and identify signs of these conditions on social media posts. The language models' adapting strategy consisted of three key stages. First, we gathered and enriched substantial data on the four psychological disorders. Second, we adapted the different models to the language used to discuss mental health concerns on social media. Finally, we employed an adapter to fine-tune the models for multiple classification tasks (specific to each mental health condition). The intuitive idea is to adapt a language model smoothly to each domain. Our work includes a comparative study of different language models under in- and cross-domain conditions. This allows us to, for example, assess the ability of a depression-based language model to detect signs of disorders such as anorexia or self-harm. We show that the resulting mental health models perform well in early risk detection tasks. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the linguistic qualities of these models by testing their predictive abilities using conventional clinical tools, such as specialized questionnaires. We rigorously examine the models across multiple predictive tasks to provide evidence of the adaptation approach's robustness and effectiveness. Our evaluation results are promising. They demonstrate that our framework enhances classification performance and competes favorably with state-of-the-art models.