Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is an umbrella term for several interstitial lung diseases characterized by the progressive proliferation of fibrous tissue within the lung interstitium. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among PPF patients and their repercussions on quality of life.

Thirty-seven PPF patients undergoing treatment at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Serbia were enrolled. The SGRQ questionnaire assessed quality of life, while the DASS-21 questionnaire evaluated anxiety and depression symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were correlated with questionnaires outcomes, and the influence of anxiety and depression symptoms on quality of life was examined.

Anxiety symptoms were detected in 56.75% of PPF patients and were more prevalent in patients previously diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety. Depression symptoms were detected in 45.95% of PPF patients and were more pronounced in the patients with longer duration of PPF, and positive history of malignancies. Stress symptoms were linked to lower PaO2 values and were detected in 37.84% of participants. HRQL was moderately to severely decreased and was lower in patients who, in addition to PPF, also suffered from other respiratory diseases, and was statistically significantly associated with lower DLCO values. A statistically significant correlation has been proven between the presence of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms and HRQL, as measured through the "Symptoms" and "Impact" subscales of the SGRQ questionnaire.

Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent among PPF patients, exerting substantial impacts on their quality of life.

This study investigated the clinical characteristics of missed child-to-parent violence (CPV) in child and adolescent psychiatric patients via a retrospective case-control design. Data were obtained from 177 patients aged under 15 years during their initial consultation at the National Kohnodai Medical Center, Japan, between April 2022 and March 2023. We obtained CPV cases identified via the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire Parents' Version (CPV-Q-P), distinguishing missed CPV cases (n = 45) detected exclusively through the questionnaire from reported CPV cases by parents or attending doctors (n = 18), and no CPV cases (n = 114). Logistic regression comparing missed and no CPV cases revealed that missed CPV was associated with younger age and higher scores on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related measures. This finding highlights a notable prevalence, with 28.3% (45 out of 159) of patients identified via the CPV-Q-P scale. Comparison of missed and reported CPV cases indicated that those in the missed cases had milder oppositional defiant behaviors and higher daily functioning scores, suggesting that parents may have missed less severe forms of CPV. Moreover, female CPV cases were more frequently missed, which potentially reflects gender-based biases in recognizing violent behavior. Our findings underscore the limitations of conventional interviews in detecting CPV and the critical role of systematic screening tools, such as the CPV-Q-P, in identifying missed CPV cases. Future research should make use of these findings to facilitate early detection and targeted intervention.

Despite increasing interest in nature-based interventions (NBIs) for mental health, no or very few prior reviews have quantitatively synthesised their effects on children's resilience, a key developmental outcome. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyses available evidence following PRISMA guideline. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, Medline, APA PsycArticles, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 28, 2024. For additional studies, Google Scholar and references from included studies were searched. The review included randomised clinical trials, controlled trials, and single-group pre-post studies reporting resilience. Findings not synthesised quantitatively were summarised narratively. A total of 13 articles involved 15 studies with 2,571 participants (mean age 15.57 years; range 13 to 17 years; 1315 [53%] female). Random-effect meta-analysis indicated significant moderate-to-large short-term effects of NBIs on children's resilience (standardised mean difference, 0.64; 95% confidence level, 0.36 to 0.91; p <.001). Substantial heterogeneity of intervention effects was observed (I² = 98%). This review provides preliminary evidence that NBIs may be associated with short-term improvements in resilience among children, though results should be interpreted cautiously due to study limitations. This early evidence highlights a community-based approach that may support resilience development through nature. Sailing showed some promise as an early observation noted in subgroup analysis and narrative synthesis emphasising nature-human kinship. High-quality trials are needed to evaluate the effects of sailing on resilience and address gaps: the long-term effect of NBIs and their impact on children outside the 13-17 age range. Trail registration: PROSPERO database (CRD42025634371).

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a major public health challenge, yet effective pharmacotherapies are limited. As such, there is growing interest in repurposing medications with novel mechanisms of action. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, originally developed for type 2 diabetes, have emerged as promising candidates due to effects on intake regulation and reward processing. GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, reduce alcohol intake and relapse-like behaviors in rodent and non-human primate models, and a recent clinical trial found that semaglutide decreased alcohol craving and drinking in adults with AUD. Modulation of the subjective/interoceptive effects of alcohol may contribute to the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

This study used operant drug discrimination in male and female rats to assess how acute and repeated semaglutide treatment affects alcohol's discriminative stimulus (interoceptive) effects. We hypothesized that GLP-1 receptor activation would disrupt alcohol's interoceptive effects. We also evaluated acute treatment with tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1/gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) receptor agonist, and retatrutide, a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, to determine whether broader receptor activity would differentially influence alcohol's subjective effects.

Acute administration of semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide each attenuated alcohol discrimination, suggesting modulation of subjective alcohol effects. Repeated semaglutide maintained efficacy across the 15-day treatment period; alcohol discrimination returned to control levels three days after treatment cessation.

Building on prior work with GLP-1 receptor agonists, these results provide important context for interpreting clinical observations of reduced drinking behavior among individuals receiving this class of therapeutics.

A legislative amendment regarding seclusion and restraint in psychiatry was enacted in France in 2020, aligning with global efforts to reduce coercive measures in mental health care. This study aimed to evaluate whether the amendment was associated with a change in these clinical practices.

A single-centre, mirror-image observational study was conducted, analysing data from hospitalised patients subjected to seclusion and/or restraint between May 2018 and September 2023. Sociodemographic and clinical data were compared for patients before and after the legislative change.

The study included 126 patients, with 77 requiring both seclusion and restraint. Results indicated no significant effect of the amendment on the frequency of seclusion (p = .7) or restraint (p = .7). Similarly, no differences were observed in the duration of seclusion (p = .4) or restraint (p = .6). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics remained consistent between the two periods.

The findings suggest that the legislative amendment was not associated with a change in practices. This highlights the need for complementary strategies such as staff training, institutional initiatives, and resource allocation to effectively reduce coercive measures. Further multicentric and longitudinal studies are recommended to assess the broader and long-term impacts of the law.

The World Health Organization advocates Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) for resource-constrained settings. There is a need for evidence-based models of employment for persons with severe mental illness (referred to as "patients") from such settings.

To facilitate and study the employment outcome of patients aged 18 to 50 y, availing a rural CBR project in South India.

Of 98 consented patients, only three men chose wage employment, and eighty-nine chose self-employment. Patients seeking wage employment were offered training and job placement in the nearest metropolitan city. Ten patients were offered loans for self-employment as revolving funds without collateral through the family federation of persons with mental illness. The patients and families were followed up for 10 months after recruitment into intervention. The AIMS-SEEP tool assessed the impact on families that availed of loans.

All three men who chose wage employment in the city discontinued it. Two of ten families did not use it for the intended purpose, and one loan was written off. Seven families chose sheep rearing, and one bought a tailoring machine. Self-employment was a secondary source of income for families and was used for food, clothes, school expenses, health-related costs, household items, and debt repayment. The attendance at monthly meetings of the family federation has more than tripled since loans were issued. Families reported no adverse effects due to the intervention. Only three out of eight families had repaid the loan completely at the end of 10 months. Reasons cited for delay in loan repayment were hospital expenses for a sick family member and children's school expenses.

In impoverished rural areas, patients and their families prefer self-employment locally over shifting to the city for wage employment. Suggestions for implementing livelihood interventions in other resource-constrained settings are discussed. Families must own the initiative to ensure its sustainability.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is commonly psychogenic or may cause psychological issues, such as anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, the inclusion of mental health (MH) assessment in ED clinical trials has yet to be quantified.

To evaluate the prevalence of MH evaluation in ED clinical trials.

The brief and detailed descriptions from every clinical trial concerning ED from the US National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov database were extracted.

The number of studies which mention the terms "self-esteem", "anxiety", "depression", "schizophrenia", "emasculation", "humiliation", "isolation", "loneliness", "frustration", "OCD", "PTSD", "ADHD", "SUD", "BPD", "autism", "bipolar", "dementia", "phobia", "mania", "anorexia", "bulimia", "insomnia", and "delirium" were assessed.

In total, 453 clinical trials were included from 1988 to 2024. Only seven of the searched MH terms were present in any clinical trial: stress (n = 3), self-esteem (n = 11), anxiety (n = 15), depression (n = 17), bipolar (n = 1), insomnia (n = 1), and isolation (n = 1). There was no temporal improvement in the prevalence of MH terms over time.

The limited inclusion of MH terms underscores a potential gap in addressing the psychological dimensions of ED in a clinical setting. Such considerations may enhance patient care by improving diagnosis and MH outcomes.

This study employs a replicable methodology using automated data extraction to quantify MH representation in ED trials. However, limitations include strict word-matching and an inability to extract word-context.

MH terms are infrequently included in ED clinical trials, which may reflect a lack of research interest in the association between ED and MH.

Aerobic exercise training leads to cardiovascular changes and improves cardiovascular performance and functional capacity after a stroke. However, the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac remodeling in patients with stroke has been poorly explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a physical exercise program on morphofunctional echocardiographic variables and the functional capacity of post-stroke patients.

This randomized, controlled clinical trial included patients with stroke, categorized into the control group (CG), conventional physiotherapeutic care, and intervention group (IG). The IG underwent a cardiovascular rehabilitation program consisting of warm-up, aerobic exercise, and muscle cooling. Both conventional and test interventions lasted 45 min, three times a week for 16 weeks. The patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, a 6-minute walk test, neurological and nutritional evaluation, laboratory tests, and QoL assessment initially and at 16 weeks after the intervention.

The IG showed significant reduction in the following morphological echocardiographic variables compared to the CG after intervention: diastolic thicknesses of the posterior wall (p = 0.0001) and interventricular septum (p = 0.004), relative wall thickness (p = 0.001), left ventricular mass (LVM, p < 0.001), LVM index (p < 0.0001), and left atrial diameter (p = 0.003). Regarding systolic and diastolic functions, the IG showed a significant increase in LV ejection fraction (p = 0.001) and tricuspid ring systolic excursion (p = 0.0002), and a reduction in the left atrial volume index (p = 0.001) and E/E' ratio (p = 0.01) compared to the CG. In addition, the IG showed an increase in the distance covered compared to the CG after the intervention (p = 0.04).

The cardiovascular rehabilitation program improved the cardiac morphological and functional parameters and had a positive impact on the functional capacity of patients with chronic ischemic stroke.

REBEC, RBR-4wk4b3. Registered on 19 September 2016.

Targeting the glutamatergic system is posited as a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for psychotic disorders. While studies in subjects indicate that antipsychotic medication reduces brain glutamatergic measures, they were unable to disambiguate clinical changes from drug effects.

To address this, we investigated the effects of a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist (aripiprazole) and a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (amisulpride) on glutamatergic metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), striatum and thalamus in healthy controls.

A double-blind, within-subject, cross-over, placebo-controlled study design with two arms (n = 25 per arm) was conducted. Healthy volunteers received either aripiprazole (up to 10 mg/day) for 7 days or amisulpride (up to 400 mg/day) and a corresponding period of placebo treatment in a pseudo-randomised order. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) was used to measure glutamatergic metabolite levels and was carried out at three different time points: baseline, after 1 week of drug and after 1 week of placebo. Values were analysed as a combined measure across the ACC, striatum and thalamus.

Aripiprazole significantly increased glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels compared with placebo (β = 0.55, 95% CI [0.15, 0.95], P = 0.007). At baseline, the mean Glx level was 8.14 institutional units (s.d. = 2.15); following aripiprazole treatment, the mean Glx level was 8.16 institutional units (s.d. = 2.40) compared with 7.61 institutional units (s.d. = 2.36) for placebo. This effect remained significant after adjusting for plasma parent and active metabolite drug levels. There was an observed increase with amisulpride that did not reach statistical significance.

One week of aripiprazole administration in healthy participants altered brain Glx levels as compared with placebo administration. These findings provide novel insights into the relationship between antipsychotic treatment and brain metabolites in a healthy participant cohort.

Impaired glucose metabolism, especially glycolytic arrest, is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its systemic changes in the AD brain are not well defined.

Here, we performed an integrated analysis of AD brain transcriptomics, combined with cognitive scoring, tau pathology grading data, to reveal systemic alterations of 28 glycolysis-related genes.

Most genes, including glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphofructokinase, muscle type (PFKM) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), were downregulated and correlated with cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating) and tau pathology severity (correlation analysis, p < 0.05). These genes exhibited robust diagnostic potential (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.679-0.803), highlighting their utility as early AD biomarkers. Notably, OVO-like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2), a transcriptional repressor of glycolysis, was upregulated in AD and positively associated with tau burden and the suppression of GPI, PFKM and LDHA. Functional studies demonstrated that OVOL2 knockdown restored glycolytic gene expression and attenuated tau pathology, suggesting that OVOL2 is a candidate upstream regulatory factor for AD metabolic disorders.

Taken together, glycolysis enzymes were systemically altered in AD progression, and OVOL2 may be a candidate upstream regulator, while GPI, PFKM and LDHA may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.