Endometrial polyps (EPs) are a localised hyperproliferative disorder of the endometrium, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Progesterone resistance may influence the recurrence rate of progesterone-treated EPs. Expression of the Hippo-YAP1 signalling pathway has been studied in various diseases. However, few studies have explored their expression in EPs and association with progesterone resistance. Prolactin (PRL), a molecular marker of endometrial mesenchymal cell metaplasia, indirectly reflects progesterone action in vivo. This study aimed to explore the role of Hippo-YAP1 signalling pathway in EPs.

Endometrial tissue specimens obtained by surgical resection from 35 patients with a normal endometrium and 35 with EPs were collected between July 2023 and July 2024. Immunohistochemically, the expressions of mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1), Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), progesterone receptor (PR) and PRL in the normal endometrium and EPs tissues were detected.

Compared to normal endometrial tissues, the expression of MST1 was relatively low in EPs (p < .05), while the total and nuclear expression of YAP1 was relatively high in EPs (p < .0001). The expression of PR in EPs tissues was significantly lower than that in normal endometrial tissues (p < .05), and the expression level of PRL was lower than that of normal endometrium in EPs tissues (p < .001).

EPs have progesterone resistance, and the Hippo-YAP1 signalling pathway may be involved in the development and progression of EPs by acting on the progesterone resistance mechanism.

Eating disorders (ED) are more prevalent in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and their co-occurrence is associated with higher symptom-severity, increased risk of additional comorbidities, including depression, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the long-term course of OCD in patients with versus without comorbid ED. This study investigated the 6-year clinical course of OCD symptom-severity in patients with (OCD + ED) and without (OCD-ED) lifetime ED.

Within the Netherlands OCD Association (NOCDA) cohort, 382 participants with a DSM-IV OCD diagnosis were classified as OCD + ED (n = 46; 91 % women; mean age 34.5) or OCD-ED (n = 336; 52 % women; mean age 36.6). Lifetime ED diagnoses included anorexia nervosa (39 %) and binge-eating disorder (37 %). OCD and ED diagnoses, symptom severity, and clinical/demographic variables were assessed at baseline and after two, four, and six years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine group differences in OCD symptom trajectories.

OCD + ED participants showed higher baseline obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, and more comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder than OCD-ED patients. Despite these differences, both groups followed a comparable 6-year course of OCD symptom severity, with no significant between-group differences in symptom reduction. Y-BOCS scores decreased by 4.17 points in OCD-ED and 5.24 in OCD + ED; PADUA scores declined by 13.68 and 15.65 points, respectively.

While OCD + ED patients showed a more significant clinical burden, comorbid ED did not significantly moderate long-term OCD symptom trajectories, suggesting a need for more intensive and/or longer treatment. The relatively small size of the OCD + ED group may be considered a limitation.

Women with endometriosis are at risk for poor mental health and suicidal ideation and behaviour. This manuscript includes two studies aimed to: (i) investigate the differences in suicidal ideation (SI) frequencies between women with (EN) and without (CG) endometriosis; and (ii) identify clinical, cognitive and relational factors associated with SI in the EN group.

Study 1 included 171 EN and 62 CG participants, while Study 2 included 38 EN and 71 CG participants. Participants completed self-reported instruments to assess SI, pain, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and attachment styles. Both studies included sociodemographic and clinical forms. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test and logistic hierarchical regressions.

In both studies, about 20 % of the EN group reported SI, with a frequency of occurrence significantly higher than CG (respectively p = 0.03 and p = 0.002). EN with SI, when compared to EN without SI, showed lower health (respectively p = 0.018; p = 0.006), and higher occurrence of backache (p = 0.031), surgeries for endometriosis (p = 0.040), and lifetime abortion (p = 0.043). Moreover, among the EN group, higher levels of self-blame (OR = 1.36) and avoidant attachment (OR = 18.95) and lower levels of acceptance (OR = 0.68) were associated with a higher likelihood of having SI, over and above clinical variables.

SI among the EN group is significantly linked to attachment insecurity and cognitive emotional regulation strategies (i.e. self-blame, acceptance), in addition to disease-related factors (i.e. pain, surgical treatments). These findings highlight the complex interplay between clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and relational functioning and underscore the need for integrated psychological assessment and care.

The globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has facilitated its integration into healthcare systems beyond China, particularly in cross-Asia countries such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, while influencing biomedical practices worldwide. This review explores the cultural, historical, and scientific dimensions of TCM's transmission, focusing on how its foundational theories (e.g., Yin-Yang, Qi-Blood, and Five Elements) and practices (e.g., acupuncture, herbal formulations) have been adapted and validated in diverse sociocultural contexts. We analysed primary literature from data collected by PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Web of Science, Bing, Baidu, and Scopus (1990-2024). Our review critically evaluates the scientific evidence supporting TCM-derived bioactive metabolites like artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. [Asteraceae] and berberine from Coptis chinensis Franch. [Ranunculaceae], examining their concentrations, bioavailability, and clinical applications. Challenges such as standardization, intellectual property disputes, and cultural reinterpretation are critically evaluated. This paper systematically argues that TCM's cross-cultural transmission reflects a dynamic interplay between tradition and modern biomedicine, offering a model for integrating traditional knowledge into global healthcare while highlighting the limitations of current research and areas requiring further investigation.

Perinatal mood disorders are being increasingly recognised and may have deleterious outcomes for the mother and offspring, underlining the importance of understanding their pathophysiology. Neurosteroids can alter the excitability of neurons through rapid non-genomic actions. Here, we review the changes in neurosteroids across pregnancy and their impact on maternal mental health.

Among the neurosteroids, the most studied is allopregnanolone, followed by 5-DHP in pregnancy. Predominantly, allopregnanolone is shown to be increased across pregnancy with a drop in the post-partum levels. With respect to the mood changes in pregnancy and the role of neurosteroids, there are conflicting reports about pregnanolone and its isomers. However, a few studies reported that lower allopregnanolone levels during mid-pregnancy seem to be associated with an increased risk for postpartum depression (PPD).

Thus, while there are reports that have examined individual neurosteroids across pregnancy, studies with serial measurements that include comprehensively all neurosteroids throughout pregnancy and their temporal relationship to mood are needed. Such studies will pave the way for a better understanding of the neurobiology of mood disorders in pregnancy. Additionally, it will facilitate the development of novel antenatal tests for potential predictive biomarkers, thus improving clinical decision-making, patient management and evolving appropriate preventive lifestyle interventions/therapeutic measures.

Emotional dysregulation is a multidimensional construct, understood as frequent and intense experience of emotions combined with a lack of ability to cope with their occurrence. Adolescence represents a crucial developmental period where emotional dysregulation is being increasingly addressed as an emerging mental health issue, with implications on overall well-being, as well as a potential cause of psychopathology. Mindfulness is the awareness that surfaces through purposefully paying attention to the present moment and nonjudgmentally, exploring the layers of moment-to-moment experiences; Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) emphasise increasing the awareness of the thoughts, feelings, and actions through therapeutic application of Mindfulness techniques. The application of MBIs is conducive to reducing emotional regulation difficulties and has further led to the enhancement of self-regulation of emotions and behaviour.

This study aims to understand the role of MBIs on emotional dysregulation among adolescents.The methodology comprised of a systematic review of literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis of the literature highlighted that MBIs effectively reduce emotional dysregulation and improve emotional regulation. The findings suggest that MBIs have been found to reduce adolescents' emotional dysregulation and improve emotional regulation, coping skills, as well as neurological functioning, leading to positive outcomes as well as an enhancement of self-regulation of emotions.

Emotional dysregulation is a critical concern during adolescence and can lead to mental health challenges.Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) help enhance emotional awareness and self-regulation.Systematic review findings suggest MBIs effectively reduce emotional dysregulation among adolescents.MBIs can serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for adolescent mental health.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in girls and women is under-recognised and under-researched, despite increasing awareness of clinical challenges and unmet needs. This review by the Eunethydis Special Interest Group on Female ADHD, addresses current knowledge and identifies research gaps for future work. Issues in women with ADHD across the lifespan such as late diagnosis, pubertal development, sexual health, hormonal birth control, executive function difficulties, and gynaecological disorders associated with ADHD are highlighted.

The review synthesises existing literature and self-reported experiences of women with ADHD to explore the impact of hormonal fluctuations [puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, (peri)menopause] on ADHD symptoms and mood disturbances. It examines the interplay of oestrogen and progesterone with dopaminergic pathways, when periods of lower oestrogen may affect cognition, as well as the manifestation of executive function deficits, and the intersection of ADHD with reproductive health.

Hormonal transitions exacerbate ADHD symptoms and mood disturbances, yet pharmacological research and tailored treatments are lacking. Executive function deficits manifest differently in girls and women with ADHD and are influenced by neuropsychological and neurobiological profiles. Diagnostic practices and sociocultural factors contribute to delayed diagnoses, increasing the risk of comorbidities, impaired functioning, and diminished quality of life. Undiagnosed women have increased vulnerability to premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, and cardiovascular disease during perimenopause.

Longitudinal, sex-specific studies incorporating hormonal status and lived experience are needed. Individualised interventions should be developed to address the unique needs of girls and women with ADHD. Addressing these gaps will advance more equitable diagnosis, management, and support for girls and women with ADHD, improving outcomes across the female lifespan.

Growing emphasis is placed on supporting children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in participating in their own healthcare; however, more knowledge is needed to guide practice.

To review the scientific literature on user participation and opportunities for shared decision-making involving younger people referred for ADHD in mental healthcare services, to provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

A systematic scoping review was performed. Eligibility was determined in two steps by two and three independent researchers, respectively. Data were extracted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings were synthesized across the various contexts and participation groups represented in the included studies. In all, the analysis involved three phases: preparation, organization, and reporting.

Of the thirty full-text papers identified, five met the inclusion criteria. Four categories and seven subcategories related to user participation and opportunities for shared decision-making involving children and adolescents with ADHD were identified. The four categories were: (1) sidelined from the start, (2) lack of information, (3) trapped in medication, and (4) growing into active decision-makers; these indicate that children with ADHD feel excluded from the diagnostic process, may have limited treatment choices, and may not be heard. This review also discovers a bias in the existing literature on user participation, with a tendency to emphasize caregivers' or clinicians' perspectives over those of the young people.

Young people with ADHD experience they have limited opportunities to participate in their mental healthcare services. User participation and shared decision-making by young people with ADHD should be promoted in clinical practice. Accordingly, future research should explore ways to implement user participation among young people themselves when assessing and treating ADHD, not only among clinicians and caregivers.

Endometriosis is widely recognized as a chronic, inflammatory, and heterogeneous condition that can manifest in various anatomical locations within females. It is marked by estrogen-driven cycles of bleeding, cell proliferation, and fibrosis involving ectopic endometrial glands and stroma cells located outside the uterus. The limited understanding of its etiology and complex pathogenesis has created obstacles in achieving early diagnosis and developing effective treatments with minimal side effects. Consequently, endometriosis requires more in-depth research to unravel its pathogenesis. The gut microbiota, a key player in chronic diseases, significantly influences bodily metabolism and immune regulation. Emerging evidence links the gut microbiota to inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and immune responses-key factors in the onset and progression of endometriosis. This review examines the various mechanisms through which endometriosis and the gut microbiota interact, aiming to inspire new strategies for preventing and early treating endometriosis.

Mentalization, as a core psychosocial function, not only encompasses emotional regulation but also involves the perception and comprehension of one's own and others' emotional states, constituting a crucial capacity for establishing adaptive interpersonal relationships. University students, due to their unique challenges including academic competition, identity transition during this critical developmental period, and social pressures, demonstrate that impairments in mentalization capacity may significantly elevate the risk of depressive disorders. Concurrently, the exacerbation of depressive symptoms can further compromise mentalization functioning, thereby creating a self-perpetuating pathological cycle.However, there is a lack of validated assessment tools for mentalization in China. This study aims to provide a validated instrument for assessing mentalization in the Chinese population.

The Chinese version of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) was developed through rigorous cross-cultural adaptation procedures. Following Brislin's translation model, medical English experts initially translated the instrument into Chinese. Subsequently, a panel of specialists in psychology and psychiatry conducted comprehensive reviews, back-translation, and iterative revisions to ensure conceptual equivalence. The finalized scale was administered to 874 Chinese university students exhibiting subthreshold depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score ≥10). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were sequentially implemented to establish and verify the factorial structure. Concurrent validity was examined using the 8-item Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8). To assess test-retest reliability, 85 participants were randomly selected for retesting one week after initial administration.

The MZQ revealed a 3-factor structural model, and confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory fit indices for all three structures (χ²/df = 3.69, NFI = 0.83, CFI = 0.87, GFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.87, TLI = 0.83, RMSEA = 0.078). The correlation coefficient between the total MZQ score and the RFQ-C (Certainty about mental states) was -0.557, while the correlation coefficient between the total MZQ score and the RFQ-U (Uncertainty about mental states) was 0.428.

The Chinese version of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) demonstrates good validity and reliability, making it a suitable tool for assessing mentalization levels among college students with potential depressive symptoms.