The factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)/DSM-5 Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples (N = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures. In interviews, a confirmatory 10-factor model with factors representing specific DSM-5 PDs showed a major misfit, with results from exploratory factor analyses suggesting that this was due to a relatively small number of substantial secondary loadings. In self-reports, a confirmatory 10-factor model showed greater misfit than in interviews, and exploratory solutions were more complex. When five factors were extracted, the factors showed some similarity to maladaptive trait domains such as Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition, but there were substantial differences in factor content between interviews and self-reports. In bifactor models, a general factor explained more common variance in self-reports, whereas the content of general factors was similar in both assessment methods. Our findings suggest that interview and self-report measures of PD criteria are not structurally equivalent. To advance research on the structure of PD, it may be useful to consequently focus on the shared variance of multiple methods. For this purpose, future multimethod studies should combine interviews and self-reports with other assessment methods such as informant reports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Presents an obituary for Anthony J. Marsella, a psychology professor at the University of Hawai'i (1970-2003) and a pioneer in developing cross-cultural clinical psychology, who passed away at home in Atlanta, Georgia, on November 10, 2024. After studying experimental psychology at Kent State (MA, 1964), George Guthrie and Juris Draguns were mentors at Penn State (PhD, 1968). Guthrie's seminar, showcasing his Filipino fieldwork, captivated Marsella. He undertook a Fulbright studying social stress and mental disorder among Filipino men. Psychiatric epidemiology fieldwork in Sarawak gave experience with Chinese, Malay, and Iban communities. He brought this formative knowledge into the National Institute of Mental Health/East-West Center's culture-mental health program (1969) arguing that adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are culture specific. Marsella joined the University of Hawai'i clinical psychology program in 1970. Marsella directed the University of Hawai'i's World Health Organization/National Institute of Mental Health Psychiatric Research Center (1977-1998), investigating ethnocultural understandings of depression, schizophrenia, and counseling. In the 1980s, Marsella wrote multiple ground-breaking books. His service as a university leader was characterized by efforts to advance women's equity and uplift underrepresented faculty and students. Marsella's last decade in academia was industrious. He directed the clinical studies program (1993-1997) and research on refugee mental health, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse. In 1996, Marsella received the American Psychological Association Award for International Advancement of Psychology, promoting cross-cultural understanding as a key to peace. To the end, he remained a dedicated mentor, passionate voice for culturally informed psychology, and champion of social justice and peace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Memorializes Claire Crooks (1973-2004), a distinguished clinical child psychologist who dedicated her life's work to advancing the well-being of children and youth through the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. Claire's well-known work on healthy youth relationships promotion began as a postdoctoral fellow, continuing as a research scientist, and then associate director, at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's Centre for Prevention Science in London, Ontario. The caliber of Claire's career contributions was recognized by the receipt of an Order of Ontario shortly before her passing, the province's highest civilian honor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Novel sensor technology, such as accelerometry, enables device-based tracking of physical activity (PA) in patients' everyday lives. In combination with intensive longitudinal self-report data, accelerometry may provide a useful tool for understanding the interactions of PA, well-being, and psychopathology. However, this interplay has not been extensively studied in severe mental illnesses (SMIs) such as schizophrenia (SZ) and major depression (major depressive disorder [MDD]). In this longitudinal prospective observational study using accelerometers, ecological momentary assessment, and clinical interviews, we applied multilevel modeling to examine the association of PA with affective well-being in patients suffering from SZ (n = 30), MDD (n = 36), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 31). We found PA to be significantly related to momentary mood in everyday life. PA was positively associated with valence (MDD, HC) and energetic arousal (SZ, MDD, HC), but negatively with calmness (SZ, MDD). Psychopathology moderated these associations across diagnoses. Patients with higher negative symptoms did not experience any valence improvement from PA, while those with higher depression scores showed no association between PA and calmness. This investigation combining accelerometry with ecological momentary assessment in SMI indicates that while PA was linked to increased energetic arousal in all participants, replicating previous results, it also showed a distinct group- and psychopathology-depended association with other mood dimensions. The observed moderation effects by negative and depressive symptoms on the association between PA, valence, and calmness, if replicated, point to a transdiagnostic phenomenon that may aid in personalizing PA interventions in SMI patients in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Experiences of childhood abuse often relate to reduced physical and mental well-being in adulthood, affecting the everyday life behavior of people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childhood abuse. Passive sensing via digital sensors allows for examining manifestations of psychopathology, for example, restricted activity space, in daily life. However, there is a scarcity of research applying this method in therapy research. Building on previous cross-sectional findings showing restricted activity space in PTSD, we used global positioning system (GPS) tracking in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine how treatment effects of two treatment arms, dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT), map to changes in patients' daily lives throughout 12 months of outpatient psychotherapy. We examined the spatial and temporal activity spaces of women with PTSD (n = 166, M_age = 35.81, SD_age = 10.98) at three timepoints over the course of 1 week each: pretreatment (t1_RCT), 6 months into treatment (t3_RCT), and at the end of the intensive treatment phase after 12 months (t5RCT). While both DBT-PTSD and CPT have demonstrated efficacy in treating PTSD with affective instability, with DBT-PTSD showing superiority over CPT, these effects did not transfer to the everyday life activity spaces captured via GPS tracking. Comparing t1_RCT to t5_RCT, linear mixed models revealed no effect of timepoint or treatment on movement radius and time spent away from home. Hence, previously reported treatment effects were not reflected in GPS data. While patients reported decreased symptom severity their behavioral data still show restricted activity space in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Family Competency addressing religion and spirituality in relationships is based on principles of systems theory applied to diversity training in religion and spirituality. Relational spirituality and family systems theory are the theoretical bases for training clinicians to address religion and spirituality (R/S) competently. Relational issues of R/S include religious differences and conflicts in close relationships, spiritual impairment due to relationship distress, and the use of spiritual resources for coping in a family or community. Principles of cultural humility and comfort, clinical assessment of R/S, nonanxious presence, multidirected partiality, and differentiation were used to train clinicians. Participants (N = 174) were graduate students and professionals in mental health care who engaged in a 5-hr online training with switching replication measurement at three points before and after the training at 2-week intervals. Measurement included a newly validated six-item global measure of couple and family spiritual and religious competency (J. S. Ripley et al., 2024) and the Religious/Spiritually Integrated Practice Assessment Scale (Oxhandler, 2019). Mixed-effects models with two-way cross-level interactions of Treatment Condition (Immediate Treatment, Delayed Treatment) × Time (T1, T2, T3) supported change based on the intervention, especially for measures of self-efficacy, attitude, increased frequency of R/S integrated practice, and global relational R/S competency. Qualitative analysis of interviews with some participants (n = 10) identified several experiential themes. The models showed significant change after the training and maintenance of gains for the immediate treatment group. In conclusion, this demonstrated the efficacy of the relationally based training model in improving R/S competency in training graduate students and professionals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This chapter is dedicated to the intellectual legacy of A.D. Bud Craig and advancing the understanding of interoception. The chapter is organized into three critical domains of interoceptive research: Bodily Self, Emotion, and Subjective Time. Beginning with foundational neuroanatomical research on temperature and pain processing, the volume progresses to explore how interoceptive signals integrate to form our bodily self-representation and emotional experiences. This leads to discussion of the interoceptive self and its foundation role in emotional experience. Finally, this culminates in how interoception shapes our perception of time, including experiences in altered states of consciousness. This exploration into interoception points to promising future research focused on computational modeling of interoceptive processing, personalized treatment approaches based on interoceptive principles, and clinical applications for psychiatric, neurological, and pain conditions. In this chapter, we aim to outline the goals of this collection and the remaining gaps in the continuance of Bud Craig's seminal career.

High dosage accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS) protocols (10 sessions per day for 5 days) combined with precision targeting and depth adjusted iTBS intensity yield high response and remission rates in depression. However, disentangling their efficacy components to develop pragmatic mental health solutions is challenging. This pilot study applied such a high dosage aiTBS protocol without using any precision features.

Eight patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) underwent open-label aiTBS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using the Beam F3 algorithm. Over 5 days, patients received 50 aiTBS sessions, each delivering 1800 pulses at 90% resting motor threshold with 50-min inter-session intervals. All patients underwent a 4 weeks follow-up without stimulation, were offered tDCS for 4 weeks thereafter and had a final follow-up after 6 months. Treatment effects were assessed by clinical and cognitive measures.

Patients received 46 aiTBS sessions on average. At one-month follow-up, mean MADRS scores decreased by -12.50 ± 9.81 (Cohen's d = 2.83; 95% CI, 2.34-3.32; p < 0.001), with response and remission rates of 50% and 12.5%, respectively. After tDCS, 28.6% and 14.3% sustained response and remission, which declined to 16.7% and 0% at six months.

This pilot trial evidenced the antidepressant effect of a high dosage aiTBS protocol comparable with the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) approach but without individualized precision components. Its effectiveness appeared lower than previously reported for SNT. Randomized controlled trials should systematically investigate the contribution of precision components to the overall effectiveness of aiTBS in depression. This trial is a part of a real-world clinical study of non-invasive brain stimulation treatments conducted at our department (preregistered at DRKS-ID: DRKS00024776, drks.de).

Little is known about outcomes of rapid restart of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV re-linking to care.

Safety-net HIV clinic in San Francisco.

Using electronic medical record data, we conducted a retrospective study of adults with HIV (≥18 years old, out of care, self-reported off ART) seen for rapid (same-day) restart of ART. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests assessed associations between sociodemographic or clinical variables and two primary outcomes: 1) viral suppression (VS) (HIV viral load <200 copies/mL) within 180 days, and 2) sustained re-engagement in care (≥1 primary care provider visit both within 90 and 91-180 days after rapid restart). Complete case VS analysis included those with baseline viremia and follow-up HIV viral loads (VLs). In sensitivity analysis, those with missing follow-up VLs were considered non-suppressed.

Between August 2020-October 2023, 141 adults (median age 42 years; 85% cis-male; 26% Latino/a) presented for rapid restart. Housing instability/homelessness (46%), substance use (61%), and mental illness (49%) were common. Among those with baseline viremia who returned for follow-up VLs, VS was attained in 79% and associated significantly with non-Latino/a ethnicity (87% non-Latino/a vs. 57% Latino/a, p=0.004). However, VS was 58% when considering missing follow-up VLs as non-suppressed. Sustained re-engagement in care was observed in only 33%.

Following rapid restart, sustained re-engagement in care and VS were low. Evaluation of key processes of rapid restart, retention efforts, and studies on effective re-engagement support strategies are needed.

To explore whether nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) across the spectrum of severity is associated with depression and anxiety and to determine whether NVP and psychological variables predict antenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Using a longitudinal design, we recruited a community sample of 255 pregnant women from the UK. Participants completed online questionnaires examining depressive symptoms, anxiety, NVP, prenatal coping, perceptions of antenatal care and maternal fetal bond in the first (T1) and third (T2) trimesters.

NVP across the spectrum of severity was associated with depressive symptoms throughout the antenatal period but not anxiety symptoms. Avoidant coping was significantly associated with NVP and predicted depressive symptoms in the first trimester but not the third trimester.

This study provides evidence that NVP, co-occurring anxiety and avoidant coping are risk factors for antenatal depressive symptoms. The findings have clinical implications for understanding the risk factors in antenatal depression and possible avenues of support for women experiencing NVP.