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In recent years, the application of estrogen in skin health and disease prevention has garnered significant attention, and it is now widely involved in the intervention and study of various skin conditions. Experimental evidence shows that estrogen has profound effects on the structure and function of the skin, including the synthesis of collagen and elastin, regulation of skin pigmentation, and control of sebum secretion. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted effects of estrogen on skin health and diseases, with a focus on the mechanisms by which different types of estrogen influence skin aging, pigmentation, and other related issues. Additionally, we explore how estrogen exerts its effects on the skin through various signaling pathways, such as estrogen receptor-mediated signaling, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Through a comprehensive analysis of the existing studies, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between estrogen and the skin, offering a comprehensive perspective on estrogen's role in skin physiology and pathology.