Ultra-low dose superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle injection for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer: prospective cohort study.
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) staging is essential in breast cancer. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) is a tracer where the optimal injection technique is yet not defined. The aim was to evaluate SLN detection using 0.1 ml SPIO intradermally compared to technetium-99 m (Tc99) ± blue dye.
Patients planned for breast surgery and SLN biopsy received 0.1 ml SPIO intradermally at the areolar border or over the tumour. Tc99 ± blue dye was administered per clinical routine. Magnetic, radioactive, or blue nodes were removed and analysed separately. SLN detection and numbers, concordance, and skin discoloration were analysed.
A total of 216 patients were included at five hospitals. Median age was 63 years, tumour size 15.9 mm, and 91.7% underwent breast conservation. SPIO was injected a median of 12 days before surgery. SLN detection was 211/216 (97.7%; 95% c.i.: 94.7 to 99.2) and 215/216 (99.5%; 95% c.i.: 98.6 to 100.0) for SPIO and Tc99 ± blue dye (P = 0.111) respectively. In total, 403 SLNs were removed; 341 detected by SPIO and 349 by Tc99 ± blue dye. The median number of SLNs was 1 (iqr: 1-2) for both tracer methods. Among 46 SLN-positive patients, 42 were correctly staged with both tracers, two with SPIO only and two with Tc99 ± blue dye only. Skin discoloration was evaluated in 107 patients. The median discoloured area was 0 cm2 (iqr: 0-0.7) among 49 patients with the injection site surgically removed and 1.3 cm2 (iqr: 0.6-2.8) among 58 without removal.
An ultra-low dose of 0.1 ml intradermal injection of SPIO was non-inferior to Tc99 ± blue dye for SLN detection. Skin discoloration was limited and further reduced by removal during surgery.
Patients planned for breast surgery and SLN biopsy received 0.1 ml SPIO intradermally at the areolar border or over the tumour. Tc99 ± blue dye was administered per clinical routine. Magnetic, radioactive, or blue nodes were removed and analysed separately. SLN detection and numbers, concordance, and skin discoloration were analysed.
A total of 216 patients were included at five hospitals. Median age was 63 years, tumour size 15.9 mm, and 91.7% underwent breast conservation. SPIO was injected a median of 12 days before surgery. SLN detection was 211/216 (97.7%; 95% c.i.: 94.7 to 99.2) and 215/216 (99.5%; 95% c.i.: 98.6 to 100.0) for SPIO and Tc99 ± blue dye (P = 0.111) respectively. In total, 403 SLNs were removed; 341 detected by SPIO and 349 by Tc99 ± blue dye. The median number of SLNs was 1 (iqr: 1-2) for both tracer methods. Among 46 SLN-positive patients, 42 were correctly staged with both tracers, two with SPIO only and two with Tc99 ± blue dye only. Skin discoloration was evaluated in 107 patients. The median discoloured area was 0 cm2 (iqr: 0-0.7) among 49 patients with the injection site surgically removed and 1.3 cm2 (iqr: 0.6-2.8) among 58 without removal.
An ultra-low dose of 0.1 ml intradermal injection of SPIO was non-inferior to Tc99 ± blue dye for SLN detection. Skin discoloration was limited and further reduced by removal during surgery.
Authors
Sundh Sundh, Alzoubi Alzoubi, Abu-Oddos Abu-Oddos, Båtelsson Båtelsson, Nyman Nyman, Karakatsanis Karakatsanis, Eriksson Eriksson, Ravichandran Ravichandran, Chin Chin, Olofsson Bagge Olofsson Bagge, Mirzaei Mirzaei, Wärnberg Wärnberg
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