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Breast cancer is a worldwide serious health issue with constantly recurring issues of drug resistance, toxicity, and recurrence. These limitations have prompted research on various drug compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Quercetin is one such compound, a flavonol dietary component. This review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the molecular pathways through which quercetin regulates various oncogenic cascades in breast cancer, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, AMPK, and non-coding RNA pathways. The review also highlights the therapeutic potential of quercetin to potentiate the efficacy of conventional chemotherapies and suppress drug resistance and thus suggests the potential of quercetin as a combinational therapy agent. In contrast to previous reviews, this study presents a new and up-to-date description of the pleiotropic effects of quercetin in breast cancer pathobiology, bridging mechanistic understanding with translational applicability.