Clinical impact of glandular involvement in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.
The prognostic significance of glandular involvement in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) following cervical conization remains unclear. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of glandular involvement on surgical outcomes.
Between December 2019 and December 2020, 119 patients who underwent cervical conization were retrospectively observed. Patient characteristics, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) status, cytology results, glandular involvement, conization specimen depth and volume, margin status, and recurrence were collected and analyzed.
Glandular involvement was significantly associated with positive endocervical margins (22.0 % vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.017), higher prevalence of preceding HSIL or CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm)2/CIN3 cytology (60.4 % vs. 42.0 %), and increased HPV16 infection among high-risk HPV positive patients (69.2 % vs. 34.8 %, p = 0.050). No significant differences were observed in recurrence rates among patients with HSIL with or without glandular involvement. Multivariable analysis identified that margin status is the only independent predictor of recurrence (positive margin: OR [odds ratio] 26.85, 95 % CI [confidence interval] 2.59-277.86, p = 0.006 or uncertain margins: OR 29.90, 95 % CI 1.09-818.17, p = 0.044).
While glandular involvement in HSIL is associated with positive endocervical margins, abnormal preceding cytology, and higher risk of HPV16 infection, it does not independently predict recurrence following conization. Instead, positive surgical margins are the primary factor of recurrence, highlighting the value of achieving complete excision to optimize patient outcomes.
Between December 2019 and December 2020, 119 patients who underwent cervical conization were retrospectively observed. Patient characteristics, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) status, cytology results, glandular involvement, conization specimen depth and volume, margin status, and recurrence were collected and analyzed.
Glandular involvement was significantly associated with positive endocervical margins (22.0 % vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.017), higher prevalence of preceding HSIL or CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm)2/CIN3 cytology (60.4 % vs. 42.0 %), and increased HPV16 infection among high-risk HPV positive patients (69.2 % vs. 34.8 %, p = 0.050). No significant differences were observed in recurrence rates among patients with HSIL with or without glandular involvement. Multivariable analysis identified that margin status is the only independent predictor of recurrence (positive margin: OR [odds ratio] 26.85, 95 % CI [confidence interval] 2.59-277.86, p = 0.006 or uncertain margins: OR 29.90, 95 % CI 1.09-818.17, p = 0.044).
While glandular involvement in HSIL is associated with positive endocervical margins, abnormal preceding cytology, and higher risk of HPV16 infection, it does not independently predict recurrence following conization. Instead, positive surgical margins are the primary factor of recurrence, highlighting the value of achieving complete excision to optimize patient outcomes.